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1 size
size [saɪz]1 noun(a) (gen) taille f; (of ball, tumour) taille f, grosseur f; (of region, desert, forest) étendue f, superficie f; (of carpet, machine, car) dimensions fpl, taille f; (of difficulty, operation, problem) importance f, ampleur f; (of debt, bill, sum) montant m, importance f; Computing (of file) taille f; (of font) corps m, taille f;∎ to buy a house of comparable size in London would be impossible on ne pourrait pas acheter une maison de cette taille à Londres;∎ the two rooms are the same size les deux pièces sont de la même taille ou ont les mêmes dimensions;∎ it's about the size of a dinner plate c'est à peu près de la taille d'une assiette;∎ the kitchen is the size of a cupboard la cuisine est grande comme un placard;∎ my garden is half the size of hers mon jardin fait la moitié du sien;∎ average family size is four persons la famille moyenne est composée de quatre personnes;∎ you should have seen the size of the truck! si tu avais vu la taille du camion!;∎ it's a city of some size c'est une ville assez importante;∎ the town has no hotels of any size la ville n'a pas d'hôtel important;∎ I was surprised by the size of the bill j'ai été étonné par le montant de la note;∎ we weren't expecting a crowd of this size nous ne nous attendions pas à une foule aussi nombreuse;∎ the crowd was steadily growing in size la foule grossissait à vue d'œil;∎ the tumour is increasing in size la tumeur grossit;∎ the budget will have to double in size le budget devra être multiplié par deux;∎ the army has doubled in size les effectifs de l'armée ont doublé;∎ a block of marble one cubic metre in size un bloc de marbre d'un mètre cube;∎ the cupboards can be built to size les placards peuvent être construits sur mesure;∎ familiar that's about the size of it! en gros, c'est ça!∎ what size are you?, what size do you take? (for clothes) quelle taille faites-vous?; (for shoes) quelle est votre pointure?, vous chaussez du combien?;∎ I take (a) size 40 je fais du 40;∎ I take a size 5 shoe ≃ je chausse du 38;∎ I need a size larger/smaller (clothes) il me faut la taille au-dessus/au-dessous; (shoes) il me faut la pointure au-dessus/au-dessous;∎ we've nothing in your size nous n'avons rien dans votre taille;∎ try this jacket on for size essayez cette veste pour voir si c'est votre taille;∎ familiar try this one for size! prends ça!∎ the clothing is sized for the American market les vêtements sont faits pour le marché américain►► Computing size box case f de dimensionnement(stranger, rival) jauger; (problem, chances) mesurer;∎ we all waited outside, sizing each other up nous attendions tous dehors, nous observant les uns les autres;∎ she sized up the situation immediately elle a tout de suite compris ce qui se passait -
2 mayor
adj.1 bigger.2 grown-up (adulto).cuando sea mayor when I grow upser mayor de edad to be an adult3 older (no joven).una mujer mayor an older womanser muy mayor to be very old4 main (principal) (plaza, calle, palo).5 major, main, chief, leading.f. & m.1 major (military).2 head.* * *► adjetivo3 (de edad) mature, elderly4 (adulto) grown-up■ ya eres mayor, así que defiéndete tú solo you are old enough to stand up for yourself now5 (principal) main6 MÚSICA major1 MILITAR major1 (adultos) grown-ups, adults; (antepasados) ancestors► nombre masculino,nombre femenino el/la mayor1 (entre varios) the oldest; (entre hermanos, hijos) the eldest, the oldest\al por mayor wholesalehacerse mayor to grow upno ir/pasar a mayores not to come to anything, not to be anything seriousser mayor de edad to be of agecalle mayor high street, US main street* * *1. noun mf. 2. adj.1) main, major2) bigger, biggest3) larger, largest4) greater, greatest5) elder, oldest•* * *1. ADJ1) [comparativo]a) (=más grande)necesitamos una habitación mayor — we need a bigger o larger room
un mayor número de visitantes — a larger o greater number of visitors, more visitors
son temas de mayor importancia — they are more important issues, they are issues of greater importance
•
la mayor parte de los ciudadanos — most citizens•
ser mayor que algo, mi casa es mayor que la suya — my house is bigger o larger than hisb) (=de más edad) olderes mi hermana mayor — she's my older o elder sister
•
mayor que algn — older than sbvivió con un hombre muchos años mayor que ella — she lived with a man many years her senior, she lived with a man who was several years older than her
2) [superlativo]a) (=más grande)esta es la mayor iglesia del mundo — this is the biggest o largest church in the world
su mayor problema — his biggest o greatest problem
su mayor enemigo — his biggest o greatest enemy
viven en la mayor miseria — they live in the greatest o utmost poverty
hacer algo con el mayor cuidado — to do sth with the greatest o utmost care
b) (=de más edad) oldestmi hijo (el) mayor — my oldest o eldest son
3) (=principal) [plaza, mástil] main; [altar, misa] highcolegio 1), libro 2)calle mayor — high street, main street (EEUU)
4) (=adulto) grown-up, adultlas personas mayores — grown-ups, adults
•
hacerse mayor — to grow up5) (=de edad avanzada) old, elderly6) (=jefe) head antes de s7) (Mús) major2. SMF1) (=adulto) grown-up, adultlos mayores se fueron a una fiesta — the grown-ups o adults went to a party
mayor de edad — adult, person who is legally of age
2) (=anciano)¡más respeto con los mayores! — be more respectful to your elders (and betters)!
3) LAm (Mil) major3.SM•
al por mayor — wholesalerepartir golpes al por mayor — to throw punches left, right and centre
* * *I1)a) ( comparativo de grande)un número mayor que 40 — a number bigger o greater than 40
b) ( superlativo de grande)tienen el mayor número de accidentes — they have the greatest o highest number of accidents
su mayor preocupación — her greatest o biggest worry
a la mayor brevedad posible — (Corresp) as soon as possible o (frml) at your earliest convenience
la mayor parte de los estudiantes — most students, the majority of students
2) ( en edad)a) ( comparativo) older¿tienes hermanos mayores? — do you have any older o elder brothers or sisters?
b) ( superlativo)es la mayor de las dos — she is the older o elder of the two
mi hijo mayor — my eldest o oldest son
c) ( anciano) elderlyd) ( adulto)hay que respetar a las personas mayores — you should treat adults o (colloq) grown-ups with respect
ser mayor de edad — (Der) to be of age
soy mayor de edad y haré lo que quiera — I'm over 18 (o 21 etc) and I'll do as I please
sin mayores contratiempos — without any serious o major hitches
no pasar or llegar a mayores: tuvo un novio, pero el asunto no pasó a mayores she had a boyfriend, but it didn't come to anything; afortunadamente la cosa no llegó a mayores — fortunately it was nothing serious
4) ( en nombres) ( principal) mainCalle Mayor — Main Street ( in US), High Street ( in UK)
5) (Mús) major6) (Com)IImasculino y femenino1) ( adulto) adult, grown-up (colloq)mis/tus mayores — my/your elders
2) mayor masculino (AmL) (Mil) major* * *I1)a) ( comparativo de grande)un número mayor que 40 — a number bigger o greater than 40
b) ( superlativo de grande)tienen el mayor número de accidentes — they have the greatest o highest number of accidents
su mayor preocupación — her greatest o biggest worry
a la mayor brevedad posible — (Corresp) as soon as possible o (frml) at your earliest convenience
la mayor parte de los estudiantes — most students, the majority of students
2) ( en edad)a) ( comparativo) older¿tienes hermanos mayores? — do you have any older o elder brothers or sisters?
b) ( superlativo)es la mayor de las dos — she is the older o elder of the two
mi hijo mayor — my eldest o oldest son
c) ( anciano) elderlyd) ( adulto)hay que respetar a las personas mayores — you should treat adults o (colloq) grown-ups with respect
ser mayor de edad — (Der) to be of age
soy mayor de edad y haré lo que quiera — I'm over 18 (o 21 etc) and I'll do as I please
sin mayores contratiempos — without any serious o major hitches
no pasar or llegar a mayores: tuvo un novio, pero el asunto no pasó a mayores she had a boyfriend, but it didn't come to anything; afortunadamente la cosa no llegó a mayores — fortunately it was nothing serious
4) ( en nombres) ( principal) mainCalle Mayor — Main Street ( in US), High Street ( in UK)
5) (Mús) major6) (Com)IImasculino y femenino1) ( adulto) adult, grown-up (colloq)mis/tus mayores — my/your elders
2) mayor masculino (AmL) (Mil) major* * *mayor11 = senior, elderly, eldest.Nota: Referido a edad.Ex: If we instruct it to ponder this question more leisurely, it will quickly try the user's patience with digressions concerning the less illustrious senior MOZART, LEOPOLD.
Ex: To the general public 'the female librarian is still angular, elderly, acidulous and terrifying', to use Geoffrey Langley's words, 'and a male librarian is impossible under any hypothesis'.Ex: When her eldest son developed a glaucoma she became aware of the lack of suitable books.* apto para mayores de 13 años o menores acompañados = PG-13.* asistencia social para los mayores = elderly care, elder care [eldercare].* centro de día para mayores = day centre for the elderly.* cuidado de los mayores = kinkeeping.* cuidados de los mayores = elderly care, elder care [eldercare].* cuidados para personas mayores = elderly care, elder care [eldercare].* familiar que cuida de los mayores = kinkeeper.* gente mayor = elderly people.* hombre mayor = elderly man.* mayor de 25 años = mature adult.* mayores, los = elderly, the.* muy mayor = over the hill.* pesonas mayores = elderly people.* ser mayor = be older.mayor22 = largest, greater, heightened, increased.Ex: Together they constitute the world's largest data base.
Ex: The likelihood of data transmission errors is greater, however, and it is not recommended for constant use.Ex: The heightened level of community awareness has led some local authorities to take the initiative and to become information disseminators in their own right.Ex: Information networks are critical tools to ensure the exchange, transfer, and use of information which will facilitate the increased quality and quantity of agricultural production.* admitir un número de reservas mayor a las plazas existentes = overbook.* alcanzar mayores cotas = rise to + greater heights.* al por mayor = in bulk.* cada vez en mayor grado = ever-increasing.* cada vez mayor = escalating, ever-growing, ever-increasing, expanded, growing, increasing, mounting, rising, spiralling [spiraling, -USA], deepening, rapidly growing, expanding, constantly rising, swelling, ever larger [ever-larger], galloping, steadily rising, steadily growing, mushrooming, ever greater, rapidly expanding, ever-widening, burgeoning, heightening.* cada vez mucho mayor = fast-increasing, exploding.* calle mayor, la = main street, the.* causa de fuerza mayor = act of God.* colegio mayor = residence hall, dormitory [dorm, -abbr.], student residence.* comprar al por mayor = buy + in bulk.* con el mayor cuidado = with utmost care.* con el mayor secreto = a veil of secrecy.* con mayor detalle = in greater detail.* con mayor profundidad = in most detail, in more detail.* con un mayor nivel educativo = better educated [better-educated].* dar mayor importancia a = give + pride of place to.* demasiado mayor en relación con Algo = overage.* demasiado mayor para su curso = overage for grade.* de mayor edad = senior.* de mayor o menor importancia = great and small.* desajuste cada vez mayor entre... y = widening of the gap beween.... and, widening gap between... and.* descuento por compra al por mayor = bulk deal, bulk rate, bulk rate discount.* diferencia cada vez mayor entre... y = widening of the gap beween.... and, widening gap between... and.* distanciamiento cada vez mayor entre... y, = widening gap between... and, widening of the gap beween.... and.* durante la mayor parte de = for much of.* durante la mayor parte del año = for the best part of the year.* en caso de fuerza mayor = in the event of circumstances beyond + Posesivo + control.* en el mayor secreto = a veil of secrecy.* en la mayor parte de = in the majority of.* en mayor grado = to a greater degree, a fortiori, to a greater extent, to a larger degree, to a larger extent.* en mayor medida = to a greater extent, to a greater degree, a fortiori, to a larger degree, to a larger extent.* en mayor o menor grado = to a greater or lesser degree.* en mayor o menor medida = to a greater or lesser extent.* en su mayor parte = largely, mostly, for the most part.* en un número cada vez mayor = in increasing numbers.* fuerza mayor = force majeure.* hora de mayor demanda = peak time.* importancia cada vez mayor = growing importance, growing significance.* interés cada vez mayor = growing interest.* jefe del estado mayor = Chief of Staff.* la mayor parte de = the majority of, the main bulk of, the lion's share of.* la mayor parte de las veces = more often than not.* la proporción mayor de = the lion's share of.* libro de mayor venta = bestseller [best seller/best-seller].* material de tamaño mayor de lo normal = outsize material.* mayor + Nombre = longer + Nombre.* mayor rendimiento = efficiencies of scale.* mucho mayor = far greater, far larger, very much greater.* obtener el mayor rendimiento posible = maximise + opportunities.* para mayor información sobre = for details of.* para mayor información véase + Nombre = see + Nombre + for further details.* para mayor inri = to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse.* período de mayor demanda = peak time.* precio al por mayor = block rate, wholesale price, bulk rate.* precio especial por compra al por mayor = bulk deal.* preocupación cada vez mayor (por) = growing concern (about).* problema cada vez mayor = growing problem.* problemas cada vez mayores = mounting problems.* programación televisiva de mayor audiencia = prime time television.* programa de mayor audiencia = prime time programme, prime time show.* sacar el mayor partido al dinero de uno = get + the most for + Posesivo + money.* sacar mayor partido a = squeeze + more life out of.* sacar mayor provecho = stretch + further.* separación cada vez mayor entre... y = widening gap between... and.* ser el que con mayor frecuencia = be (the) most likely to.* símbolo de mayor-que (>) = greater-than sign (>), greater-than symbol (>), right angled bracket (>).* suministro al por mayor = bulk supply.* tonto de marca mayor = prize idiot.* una mayor variedad de = a wider canvas of.* una necesidad cada vez mayor = a growing need.* un conjunto cada vez mayor de = a growing body of.* un grupo cada vez mayor de = a growing body of.* un número cada vez mayor = growing numbers.* un número cada vez mayor de = a growing number of, a growing body of.* vender al por mayor = sell + in bulk, wholesale.* venta al por mayor = wholesaling, wholesale.* * *Apueden volar a mayor altura they can fly at a greater heightestas tablas le dan mayor amplitud a la falda these pleats make the skirt fullerun material de mayor flexibilidad a more flexible materialen otros países el índice de mortalidad infantil es aún mayor in other countries the infant mortality rate is even higheresto podría reportar beneficios aún mayores this could bring even greater benefitsmayor QUE algo:una superficie cuatro veces mayor que la de nuestro país a surface area four times greater than that of our countrycualquier número mayor que 40 any number above 40 o greater than 40 o higher than 40X > Z ( Mat) (read as: equis es mayor que zeta) X > Z (léase: x is greater than z)el mayor país de América Latina the biggest country in Latin Americael mayor número de accidentes de Europa the greatest o highest number of accidents in Europeésa ha sido siempre su mayor preocupación that has always been her greatest worryle ruego lo envíe a la mayor brevedad posible ( Corresp) please send it as soon as possible o ( frml) at your earliest conveniencela mayor parte de los argentinos most Argentinians, the majority of Argentinians1 (comparativo) older¿tienes hermanos mayores? do you have any older o elder brothers or sisters?mayor QUE algn older THAN sbsoy dos meses mayor que tú I am two months older than you2(superlativo): ¿quién de los dos es el mayor? who is the older o elder of the two?éste es mi hijo mayor this is my eldest o oldest sonel mayor de todos los residentes the oldest of all the residents3 (viejo) elderlyya es muy mayor y no puede valerse sola she's very old o ( colloq) she's getting on and she can't manage on her own4(adulto): no se les habla así a las personas mayores you shouldn't talk to adults o grown-ups like thatcuando sea mayor quiero ser bombero when I grow up I want to be a firemanvamos, que ya eres mayorcito para estar haciendo esas cosas come on, you're a bit old to be doing things like thatcuando sea mayor de edad ( Der) when he reaches the age of majoritysoy mayor de edad y haré lo que quiera I'm over 18 ( o 21 etc) and I'll do as I pleaseC ( en frases negativas)(grande): no creo que esto requiera mayores explicaciones I don't think this needs much in the way of explanationno tengo mayor interés en el tema I'm not particularly interested in o I don't have any great interest in the subjectla noticia no me produjo mayor inquietud the news did not worry me particularly o undulyse llevó a cabo sin mayores contratiempos it was carried out without any serious o major hitchesno pasar or llegar a mayores: tuvo un pretendiente, pero la cosa no pasó a mayores she had a boyfriend, but it didn't come to anything o but nothing came of ithubo una pelea pero no llegó a mayores there was a fight but it was nothing seriousE ( Mús) majorF ( Com):(al) por mayor wholesale[ S ] venta sólo (al) por mayor wholesale onlylos compran (al) por mayor they buy them wholesalehubo problemas (al) por mayor there were innumerable problemsA1(adulto): no te metas en las conversaciones de los mayores don't interrupt when the adults o grown-ups are talkingcada niño debe ir acompañado de un mayor each child must be accompanied by an adultmis/tus mayores my/your eldersCompuesto:masculine and feminine person who is legally of age o who has reached the age of majorityB* * *
mayor adjetivo
1a) ( comparativo de
‹ beneficio› greater;
a mayor escala on a larger scale;
un número mayor que 40 a number greater than 40b) ( superlativo de◊ grande): el mayor número de accidentes the greatest o highest number of accidents;
su mayor preocupación her greatest o biggest worry;
a la mayor brevedad posible as soon as possible;
la mayor parte de los estudiantes most students, the majority of students
2 ( en edad)
mayor que algn older than sbb) ( superlativo):◊ es la mayor de las dos she is the older o elder of the two;
mi hijo mayor my eldest o oldest son
d) ( adulto):
cuando sea mayor when I grow up;
ser mayor de edad (Der) to be of age;
soy mayor de edad y haré lo que quiera I'm over 18 (o 21 etc) and I'll do as I please
3 ( en nombres) ( principal) main;
4 (Mús) major
5 (Com):
■ sustantivo masculino y femenino ( adulto) adult, grown-up (colloq);
mis/tus mayores my/your elders;
mayor de edad person who is legally of age
mayor
I adjetivo
1 (comparativo de tamaño) larger, bigger: necesitas una talla mayor, you need a larger size
(superlativo) largest, biggest: ésa es la mayor, that is the biggest one
2 (comparativo de grado) greater: su capacidad es mayor que la mía, his capacity is greater than mine
la ciudad no tiene mayor atractivo, the town isn't particularly appealing
(superlativo) greatest: ésa es la mayor tontería que he oído nunca, that is the most absurd thing I've ever heard
3 (comparativo de edad) older: es mayor que tu madre, she is older than your mother
(superlativo) oldest
el mayor de los tres, the oldest one 4 está muy mayor, (crecido, maduro) he's quite grown-up
(anciano) he looks old
ser mayor de edad, to be of age
(maduro) old: es un hombre mayor, he's an old man
eres mayor para entenderlo, you are old enough to understand it
5 (principal) major, main: tu mayor responsabilidad es su educación, the thing that's most important to you is her education; la calle mayor, the main street
6 Mús major
7 Com al por mayor, wholesale
II sustantivo masculino
1 Mil major 2 mayores, (adultos) grownups, adults
(ancianos) elders
♦ Locuciones: al por mayor, wholesale
ir/pasar a mayores, to become serious: discutió con su marido, pero el asunto no pasó a mayores, she had an argument with her husband but they soon forgot about it
' mayor' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abundar
- adicta
- adicto
- afán
- alcalde
- alcaldía
- almacén
- amable
- brevedad
- burgomaestre
- calle
- caza
- colegio
- confluencia
- desarrollar
- edad
- engrandecer
- escaparate
- estado
- Excemo.
- Excmo.
- fuerza
- gruesa
- grueso
- hacer
- hacerse
- inri
- obra
- osa
- palo
- persona
- plana
- polemizar
- predilección
- re
- safari
- salir
- sol
- teniente
- vender
- venta
- abuelo
- ama
- anhelo
- atractivo
- audiencia
- cazar
- ciudad
- compás
- de
English:
act
- address
- adult
- big
- bomb
- bulk
- capacity
- cash-and-carry
- claw back
- densely
- dipper
- dormitory
- elaborate
- elder
- eldest
- few
- frisky
- grow up
- growing
- high street
- hill
- inquest
- lion
- little
- main
- major
- mayor
- mostly
- much
- nominee
- often
- old
- outflow
- outweigh
- over
- part
- perpendicular
- residence
- senior
- sergeant major
- spur
- staff
- trade price
- utmost
- wholesale
- wholesale trade
- wholesaler
- worship
- abject
- cash
* * *♦ adj1. [comparativo] [en tamaño] bigger ( que than); [en edad] older ( que than); [en importancia] greater ( que than); [en número] higher ( que than);este puente es mayor que el otro this bridge is bigger than the other one;mi hermana mayor my older sister;es ocho años mayor que yo she's eight years older than me;un mayor número de víctimas a higher number of victims;una mayor tasa de inflación a higher rate of inflation;en mayor o menor grado to a greater or lesser extent;no creo que tenga mayor interés I don't think it's particularly interesting;no te preocupes, no tiene mayor importancia don't worry, it's not (all) that important;subsidios para parados mayores de cuarenta y cinco años benefits for unemployed people (of) over forty-five;la mayor parte de most of, the majority of;la mayor parte de los británicos piensa que… most British people o the majority of British people think that…;Matmayor que greater than2. [superlativo][en edad] the oldest…; [en importancia] the greatest…; [en número] the highest…;el/la mayor… [en tamaño] the biggest…;la mayor de las islas the biggest island, the biggest of the islands;la mayor crisis que se recuerda the biggest crisis in living memory;el mayor de todos nosotros/de la clase the oldest of all of us/in the class;el mayor de los dos hermanos the older of the two brothers;vive en la mayor de las pobrezas he lives in the most abject poverty3. [más] further, more;para mayor información solicite nuestro catálogo for further o more details, send for our catalogue4. [adulto] grown-up;cuando sea mayor when I grow up;hacerse mayor to grow up;ser mayor de edad to be an adult5. [no joven] older;[anciano] elderly;una mujer ya mayor an older woman;ser muy mayor to be very old;hay que escuchar a las personas mayores you should listen to older people;la gente mayor, las personas mayores [los ancianos] the elderly6. [principal] major, main;la plaza mayor the main square;la calle mayor the main street;el palo mayor the main mast7. Mús major;en do mayor in C majorun almacén de venta al por mayor a wholesaler's♦ nmfel/la mayor [hijo, hermano] the eldest;mayores [adultos] grown-ups;[antepasados] ancestors, forefathers;es una película/revista para mayores it's an adult movie o Br film/magazine;respeta a tus mayores you should respect your elders;♦ nmMil major* * *I adjmayor que greater than, larger than;ser mayor de edad be an adult;ser (muy) mayor be (very) elderly;mayor que older than2 sup:biggest; en importancia the greatest;los mayores the adults;la mayor parte the majority3 MÚS tono, modomajor;4 COM:al por mayor wholesaleII m MIL major:ir opasar a mayores get serious* * *mayor adj3) : grown-up, mature4) : main, major5)mayor de edad : of (legal) age6)al por mayor orpor mayor : wholesalemayor nmf1) : major (in the military)2) : adult* * *mayor1 adj1. (que tiene más edad) older2. (más grande) bigger3. (él de más edad) oldest4. (anciano) old / elderly5. (adulto) grown up6. (principal) mainmayor2 n1. (que tiene más años) oldest¿cuántos años tiene el mayor? how old is the oldest?2. (adulto) grown upde mayor when I grow up / when you grow up etc. -
3 large
1. adjective1) großlarge importer/user — Großimporteur, der/Großverbraucher, der; see also academic.ru/42823/life">life 4)
2) (comprehensive, broad) umfassend2. nounat large — (at liberty) frei; (not in prison etc.) auf freiem Fuß; in Freiheit; (as a body) insgesamt
3. adverbsociety at large — die Gesellschaft in ihrer Gesamtheit
* * *(great in size, amount etc; not small: a large number of people; a large house; a large family; This house is too large for two people.) groß- largely- largeness
- at large* * *[lɑ:ʤ, AM lɑ:rʤ]I. adj1. (in size) großthe jacket needs to be a size \larger die Jacke ist eine Nummer zu kleinthe world's \largest computer manufacturer der weltgrößte Computerherstellerthe attendance at the meeting was \larger than expected die Versammlung war besser besucht als erwartetthere was a \larger than expected fall in unemployment die Arbeitslosenrate sank stärker als erwarteta \large amount of work viel Arbeita \large number of people/things viele Menschen/Dingethe \largest ever der/die/das bisher Größte [o Umfangreichste] [o Umfassendste\large lady mollige Frau euph4.▶ by and \large im Großen und Ganzen▶ as \large as life in voller LebensgrößeII. n1. (not caught)▪ to be at \large auf freiem Fuß sein2. (in general)▪ at \large im Allgemeinenthis issue needs to be debated by society at \large diese Frage muss in der breiten Öffentlichkeit diskutiert werdenthe country/world at \large das gesamte Land/die ganze Welt3. AMambassador at \large Sonderbotschafter(in) m(f)* * *[lAːdZ]1. adj (+er)large print — Großdruck m
"large" (on clothing label) — "Large"
I need a larger size —
he's a large landowner — er ist ein Großgrundbesitzer m
she looks as large as life in that photograph — sie sieht auf dem Foto aus, wie sie leibt und lebt
there he/it was as large as life — da war er/es in voller Lebensgröße
2) (= extensive) interests, power weitreichend, weit reichend, bedeutendhis interests were on a large scale —
taking the large view — global betrachtet
2. advgroßguilt was written large all over his face — die Schuld stand ihm deutlich im Gesicht geschrieben
3. n1)he wanted to tell his story to the world at large — er wollte der ganzen Welt seine Geschichte erzählen
2)scattering accusations at large — mit Anschuldigungen um sich werfend
3)* * *large [lɑː(r)dʒ]1. groß (Fels, Haus etc):(as) large as life in voller Lebensgröße;larger than life überlebensgroß;large of limb schwerglied(e)rig2. groß (beträchtlich):a large family auch eine kinderreiche Familie;a large meal eine ausgiebige oder reichliche Mahlzeit;a large telephone bill eine hohe Telefonrechnung3. umfassend, weitgehend, ausgedehnt:large discretion weitgehende Ermessensfreiheit;large powers umfassende Vollmachten4. Groß…:large producer Großerzeuger(in)5. umg großspurig6. großzügig, -mütig (obs außer in Verbindungen wie):a large attitude eine vorurteilsfreie Einstellung;have a large heart großherzig sein;large tolerance große Toleranz;large views weitherzige AnsichtenB s1. at largea) in Freiheit, auf freiem Fuße:set at large auf freien Fuß setzenb) frei, ungebundenc) (sehr) ausführlich:d) ganz allgemein, nicht präzisee) in der Gesamtheit:the nation at large die Nation in ihrer Gesamtheit, die ganze Nation;the world at large die Weltöffentlichkeit,b) planlos, aufs Geratewohl:talk at large ins Blaue hineinredena) im Großen, in großem Maßstab,b) im GanzenC adv1. (sehr) groß:2. umg großspurig:talk large große Töne spucken umgL abk1. large2. Latin Lat.4. length L, L.5. longitude L.* * *1. adjective1) groß2) (comprehensive, broad) umfassend2. noun3. adverbat large — (at liberty) frei; (not in prison etc.) auf freiem Fuß; in Freiheit; (as a body) insgesamt
* * *adj.groß adj.reichlich adj.umfangreich adj.weit adj. -
4 mayor
meə, ]( American) 'meiər((especially in England, Ireland and the United States) the chief public official of a city, town or borough.) alcalde- mayoress- lord mayor
mayor n alcalde / alcaldesa
mayor adjetivo 1a) ( comparativo de‹ beneficio› greater; a mayor escala on a larger scale; un número mayor que 40 a number greater than 40b) ( superlativo de◊ grande): el mayor número de accidentes the greatest o highest number of accidents;su mayor preocupación her greatest o biggest worry; a la mayor brevedad posible as soon as possible; la mayor parte de los estudiantes most students, the majority of students 2 ( en edad) mayor que algn older than sbb) ( superlativo):◊ es la mayor de las dos she is the older o elder of the two;mi hijo mayor my eldest o oldest sond) ( adulto):cuando sea mayor when I grow up; ser mayor de edad (Der) to be of age; soy mayor de edad y haré lo que quiera I'm over 18 (o 21 etc) and I'll do as I please 3 ( en nombres) ( principal) main; 4 (Mús) major 5 (Com): ■ sustantivo masculino y femenino ( adulto) adult, grown-up (colloq); mis/tus mayores my/your elders; mayor de edad person who is legally of age
mayor
I adjetivo
1 (comparativo de tamaño) larger, bigger: necesitas una talla mayor, you need a larger size (superlativo) largest, biggest: ésa es la mayor, that is the biggest one
2 (comparativo de grado) greater: su capacidad es mayor que la mía, his capacity is greater than mine
la ciudad no tiene mayor atractivo, the town isn't particularly appealing (superlativo) greatest: ésa es la mayor tontería que he oído nunca, that is the most absurd thing I've ever heard
3 (comparativo de edad) older: es mayor que tu madre, she is older than your mother (superlativo) oldest
el mayor de los tres, the oldest one 4 está muy mayor, (crecido, maduro) he's quite grown-up (anciano) he looks old
ser mayor de edad, to be of age (maduro) old: es un hombre mayor, he's an old man
eres mayor para entenderlo, you are old enough to understand it
5 (principal) major, main: tu mayor responsabilidad es su educación, the thing that's most important to you is her education; la calle mayor, the main street
6 Mús major
7 Com al por mayor, wholesale
II sustantivo masculino
1 Mil major 2 mayores, (adultos) grownups, adults (ancianos) elders Locuciones: al por mayor, wholesale
ir/pasar a mayores, to become serious: discutió con su marido, pero el asunto no pasó a mayores, she had an argument with her husband but they soon forgot about it ' mayor' also found in these entries: Spanish: abundar - adicta - adicto - afán - alcalde - alcaldía - almacén - amable - brevedad - burgomaestre - calle - caza - colegio - confluencia - desarrollar - edad - engrandecer - escaparate - estado - Excemo. - Excmo. - fuerza - gruesa - grueso - hacer - hacerse - inri - obra - osa - palo - persona - plana - polemizar - predilección - re - safari - salir - sol - teniente - vender - venta - abuelo - ama - anhelo - atractivo - audiencia - cazar - ciudad - compás - de English: act - address - adult - big - bomb - bulk - capacity - cash-and-carry - claw back - densely - dipper - dormitory - elaborate - elder - eldest - few - frisky - grow up - growing - high street - hill - inquest - lion - little - main - major - mayor - mostly - much - nominee - often - old - outflow - outweigh - over - part - perpendicular - residence - senior - sergeant major - spur - staff - trade price - utmost - wholesale - wholesale trade - wholesaler - worship - abject - cashtr[meəSMALLr/SMALL]\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLlady mayor alcaldesamayor ['meɪər, 'mɛr] n: alcalde m, -desa fn.• alcalde (Gobierno) s.m.'meɪər, meə(r)noun alcalde, -desa m,f, intendente mf (municipal) (RPl)[mɛǝ(r)]N alcalde m, alcaldesa f, intendente mf (S. Cone, Mex), regente mf (Mex)* * *['meɪər, meə(r)]noun alcalde, -desa m,f, intendente mf (municipal) (RPl) -
5 probar
v.1 to prove.eso prueba que tenía razón that proves I was rightEinstein probó su teoría Einstein proved his theory.2 to try.lo hemos probado todo we've tried everythingElla prueba la adivinanza She tries the riddle.Ellos probaron ayer They tried yesterday.3 to try on (clothes).probar una camisa to try on a shirt4 to taste, to try.Ella probó la comida She tasted the food.5 to test, to check.El presidente probó a María The president tested Mary.6 to try to, to have a bash at.Ella probó patinar sin caer She tried to skate without falling.7 to drink, to touch.Yo no pruebo el alcohol I don't drink alcohol.8 to show to, to demonstrate to.María probó saber mucho Mary showed to know a lot.* * *1 (demostrar) to prove2 (comprobar) to test, check3 (vino, comida) to taste, try■ ¿has probado alguna vez las judías con almejas? have you ever tried beans with clams?4 (prenda, zapato) to try on1 to try* * *verb1) to try2) prove3) taste4) test5) demonstrate* * *1. VT1) (=demostrar) [+ eficacia, inocencia, teoría] to prove¿cómo puedes probar que no estabas allí? — how can you prove that you weren't there?
2) (=poner a prueba) [+ sustancia, vacuna, persona] to test; [+ método] to try; [+ aparato, arma] to test, try out; [+ actor, músico] to auditionhemos dejado dinero en el suelo para probarlo — we've left some money lying on the floor to test him
prueben su puntería, señoras y señores — try your aim, ladies and gentlemen
fortuna 1), suerte 1)te dan diez días para probar el vídeo — they give you a ten-day trial period for the video, they give you ten days to try out the video
3) (=catar) to try, tasteprueba un poco de este pescado — try o taste a bit of this fish
yo el vino no lo pruebo — I never touch o drink wine
4) [+ ropa] [hecha a medida] to fit; [de confección] to try on¿puede venir mañana a que le pruebe el traje? — can you come tomorrow to have your suit fitted?
te voy a probar este abrigo a ver como te queda — I'm going to try this coat on you to see what it looks like
2. VI1) (=intentar) to try, have a godéjame que pruebe yo — let me try, let me have a go
¿has probado con este bolígrafo? — have you tried this pen?
he probado a hacerlo yo sola, pero no he podido — I tried doing it on my own but I couldn't
2) (=sentar) [actividad, ropa] to suit; [comida] to agree with3)see VTprobar de algo —
See:probar 1., 3)3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( demostrar) <teoría/inocencia> to prove2)a) <vino/sopa> to taste; ( por primera vez) to tryno probé bocado en todo el día — I didn't eat a thing o have a bite to eat all day
b) < método> to tryc) < ropa> to try ond) ( poner a prueba) <empleado/honradez> to test2.¿has probado con quitamanchas? — have you tried using stain remover?
3.probar A + INF — to try -ing
probarse v pron <ropa/zapatos> to try on* * *= evidence, have + a turn at, prove, test, sample, play with, test drive, run-in, try out, have + a shot at, try + Posesivo + hand, taste, put + Nombre + to the test, try + Nombre + on.Ex. Although in this case there is no SLIS presence in the teaching, it is noteworthy that the same concern as that evidenced in the City University programme is present.Ex. Seven of the compositors, moreover, did short stints at press, and one of the pressmen had a turn at composition.Ex. One must be able to prove that a new staff member was selected with due process and with clearly delineated criteria.Ex. Inmate library workers often test a new librarian, but once he or she has passed the test, they usually become very protective and staunch promoters of the library.Ex. Such reassurance becomes particularly important if the inquirer has not sampled the file, either in a printed format or in browsing online.Ex. In this five-day workshop we will play with the design and building of non-traditional interface solutions.Ex. The article is entitled 'Out for a spin: a school librarian test drives 14 CD-ROM encyclopedias'.Ex. Such an arrangement would enable a viewer to run-in whatever program he needs.Ex. All they need is a willingness to experiment a bit and to try out a pedagogical method others testify to being of some value.Ex. Our goal is to encourage more citizens to tap into the wealth of free, educational resources available online so more people have a shot at improving their lives and their future.Ex. He abandoned West Africa for a better life in America, trying his hand as an ice cream man.Ex. Professional skills are enhanced by the opportunity which IFLA provides to taste the cultures of other countries in a very accessible (dare I say privileged?) way.Ex. There's nothing flimsy about these leather boots, put them to the test this season - they'll pass with flying colours.Ex. The psychiatrist has been trying him on several different anti-depressants and group therapies, but none seems to be helping.----* por probar nada se pierde = nothing ventured, nothing gained.* probando Algo = trial and error.* probar a hacer Algo por uno mismo = try + Posesivo + own hand at.* probar Algo = dip + Posesivo + toes into these waters, give + it a whirl, give + it a shot, give + it a try.* probar diferentes cosas = mess with.* probar lo que Uno dice = make + good + Posesivo + claim, make + good + Posesivo + claim.* probar que se está en lo cierto = prove + Posesivo + point, make + Posesivo + case.* probar que se tiene razón = prove + Posesivo + point, make + Posesivo + case.* probarse = try on.* probar suerte = have + a go, give + it a shot, give + Nombre + a try, have + a stab at, take + a stab at, make + a stab at, take + Posesivo + chances, try + Posesivo + luck, give + it a whirl, give + it a try, take + the dip, take + a long shot.* probar una idea = test + idea.* probar una solución = try out + solution.* probar un punto = prove + point.* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( demostrar) <teoría/inocencia> to prove2)a) <vino/sopa> to taste; ( por primera vez) to tryno probé bocado en todo el día — I didn't eat a thing o have a bite to eat all day
b) < método> to tryc) < ropa> to try ond) ( poner a prueba) <empleado/honradez> to test2.¿has probado con quitamanchas? — have you tried using stain remover?
3.probar A + INF — to try -ing
probarse v pron <ropa/zapatos> to try on* * *= evidence, have + a turn at, prove, test, sample, play with, test drive, run-in, try out, have + a shot at, try + Posesivo + hand, taste, put + Nombre + to the test, try + Nombre + on.Ex: Although in this case there is no SLIS presence in the teaching, it is noteworthy that the same concern as that evidenced in the City University programme is present.
Ex: Seven of the compositors, moreover, did short stints at press, and one of the pressmen had a turn at composition.Ex: One must be able to prove that a new staff member was selected with due process and with clearly delineated criteria.Ex: Inmate library workers often test a new librarian, but once he or she has passed the test, they usually become very protective and staunch promoters of the library.Ex: Such reassurance becomes particularly important if the inquirer has not sampled the file, either in a printed format or in browsing online.Ex: In this five-day workshop we will play with the design and building of non-traditional interface solutions.Ex: The article is entitled 'Out for a spin: a school librarian test drives 14 CD-ROM encyclopedias'.Ex: Such an arrangement would enable a viewer to run-in whatever program he needs.Ex: All they need is a willingness to experiment a bit and to try out a pedagogical method others testify to being of some value.Ex: Our goal is to encourage more citizens to tap into the wealth of free, educational resources available online so more people have a shot at improving their lives and their future.Ex: He abandoned West Africa for a better life in America, trying his hand as an ice cream man.Ex: Professional skills are enhanced by the opportunity which IFLA provides to taste the cultures of other countries in a very accessible (dare I say privileged?) way.Ex: There's nothing flimsy about these leather boots, put them to the test this season - they'll pass with flying colours.Ex: The psychiatrist has been trying him on several different anti-depressants and group therapies, but none seems to be helping.* por probar nada se pierde = nothing ventured, nothing gained.* probando Algo = trial and error.* probar a hacer Algo por uno mismo = try + Posesivo + own hand at.* probar Algo = dip + Posesivo + toes into these waters, give + it a whirl, give + it a shot, give + it a try.* probar diferentes cosas = mess with.* probar lo que Uno dice = make + good + Posesivo + claim, make + good + Posesivo + claim.* probar que se está en lo cierto = prove + Posesivo + point, make + Posesivo + case.* probar que se tiene razón = prove + Posesivo + point, make + Posesivo + case.* probarse = try on.* probar suerte = have + a go, give + it a shot, give + Nombre + a try, have + a stab at, take + a stab at, make + a stab at, take + Posesivo + chances, try + Posesivo + luck, give + it a whirl, give + it a try, take + the dip, take + a long shot.* probar una idea = test + idea.* probar una solución = try out + solution.* probar un punto = prove + point.* * *vtA (demostrar) ‹teoría/acusación/inocencia› to proveesto prueba que ella tenía razón this proves that she was rightB1 ‹vino/sopa› to taste; (por primera vez) to trynunca he probado el caviar I've never tried caviarno puedo probar el vino, el médico me lo ha prohibido I can't drink wine, doctor's ordersdesde entonces no he vuelto a probar la ginebra I haven't touched gin again since thenno ha probado bocado en todo el día she hasn't eaten a thing o had a bite to eat all day2 ‹método› to tryprueba la aspiradora antes de comprarla try the vacuum cleaner (out) before buying itestoy dispuesto a probar cualquier cosa con tal de curarme I'm prepared to try anything if it helps me to get betterllevaron el coche a que le probaran los frenos they took the car to have the brakes tested3 ‹ropa› to try on probarle algo A algn to try sth ON sbno le puedo comprar zapatos sin probárselos I can't buy shoes for him without him trying them on o without trying them on himla modista sólo me probó el vestido una vez the dressmaker only gave me one fitting for the dress4 (poner a prueba) ‹empleado/honradez› to testdejaron el dinero allí para probarlo they left the money there to test him■ probarvi1 (intentar) to trydéjame probar a mí let me try, let me have a goprobar no cuesta nada there's no harm in trying¿has probado con quitamanchas? have you tried using stain remover?probar A + INF to try -INGprueba a hacerlo de la otra manera try doing it the other wayla vida de ciudad no le prueba city life doesn't suit him■ probarse‹ropa/zapatos› to try on¿quiere probárselo? would you like to try it on?quisiera probarme uno más grande I'd like to try a larger size* * *
probar ( conjugate probar) verbo transitivo
1 ( demostrar) ‹teoría/inocencia› to prove
2
( por primera vez) to try
‹coche/mecanismo› to try out
probarle algo A algn to try sth on sb
‹arma/vehículo› to test (out)
verbo intransitivo ( intentar) to try;
probar A hacer algo to try doing sth
probarse verbo pronominal ‹ropa/zapatos› to try on
probar
I verbo transitivo
1 (una teoría, un hecho) to prove
2 (una máquina, un aparato, etc) to test
3 (comida, bebida) to try
(sabor, etc) to taste: no prueba el alcohol, he never touches alcohol
II vi (intentar) to try ➣ Ver nota en try
' probar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bocado
- gustar
- suerte
- acreditar
- atestiguar
- fortuna
- tentar
English:
go
- little
- prove
- sample
- substantiate
- taste
- test
- test drive
- try
- try out
- authenticate
- hand
- onus
- unproven
* * *♦ vt1. [demostrar, indicar] to prove;eso prueba que tenía razón that shows I was right2. [comprobar] to test, to check;prueba tú mismo la potencia de mi coche see for yourself how powerful my car is3. [experimentar] to try;lo hemos probado todo we've tried everything;probaron a varios actores antes de encontrar el que buscaban they tried o auditioned various actors before finding the one they were looking for4. [ropa] to try on;probar una camisa to try on a shirt5. [degustar] to taste, to try;¿has probado alguna vez el caviar? have you ever tasted o tried caviar?;no prueba el vino desde hace meses he hasn't touched wine for months;no he probado bocado en todo el día I haven't had a bite to eat all day♦ viprueba a nadar de espaldas try swimming backstroke;deja que pruebe yo let me try;por probar no se pierde nada there's no harm in trying* * *I v/t1 teoría test, try out3 ( justificar) proveII v/i try;probar a hacer try doing* * *probar {19} vt1) : to demonstrate, to prove2) : to test, to try out3) : to try on (clothing)4) : to taste, to sampleprobar vi: to try* * *probar vb2. (demostrar) to prove3. (catar) to taste4. (intentar) to try -
6 talla
f.1 size (medida).¿qué talla usas? what size are you?no es de mi talla it's not my size2 height (estatura).es de mi talla she's as tall as me3 stature.dar la talla to be up to itno dio la talla como representante del colegio he wasn't up to the task of representing his school4 carving (art) (en madera).5 cutting.pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: tallar.* * *1 (estatura) height2 figurado (moral, intelectual) stature3 (de prenda) size■ ¿qué talla usa? what size is he?4 (escultura) carving, sculpture5 (tallado - piedras) cutting; (- metal) engraving\dar la talla para hacer algo figurado to be up to doing somethingde talla / de mucha talla figurado outstanding, prominent* * *noun f.1) carving2) cutting3) height4) stature5) size* * *ISF1) [de ropa] size¿de qué talla son estos pantalones? — what size are these trousers?
2) (=altura) heightdar la talla — (lit) to be tall enough; (fig) to measure up
no ha dado la talla para ingresar en el ejército — he wasn't tall enough to join the army, he didn't satisfy the minimum height requirement for joining the army
no dio la talla como solista — he didn't make the grade as a soloist, he didn't measure up as a soloist
3) (=categoría, nivel) staturehay pocos políticos de la talla de este ministro — there are few politicians of the stature of this minister
4) (Arte) (=escultura) sculpture; [de madera] carving; (=grabado) engravingtalla en madera — woodwork, wood carving
5) (=vara) measuring rod6) (Naipes) hand7) (Med) † gallstones operation8) (Jur) † reward ( for capture of a criminal)IISF1) CAm (=mentira) fib, lie3) And (=paliza) beating4) Méx * (=pelea) set-to *, squabble* * *1)a) (Indum) size¿cuál es su talla? — what size are you?
de o en todas las tallas — in all sizes
b) ( estatura) size, heightdar la talla — ( en altura) to be tall enough; ( mostrarse competente) to make the grade, measure up
c) ( categoría)una revista de la talla de `Semana' — a magazine as important as `Semana'
2) ( escultura) sculpture; ( de madera) carving; ( de piedras preciosas) cutting3) (AmL) (Jueg)a) ( repartición) dealb) ( banca) bank4) (Chi fam)a) ( dicho) joke, wisecrack (colloq)b) ( broma) practical joke* * *= carving.Ex. She situates the vessels in the context of Icelandic carving traditions in horn, bone, and walrus ivory = Ella sitúa las vasijas en el contexto de la tradición islandesa de la escultura en astas de cuernos, huesos y marfil de morsa.----* dar la talla = be up to the mark, be up to scratch, measure up (to), be up to snuff, make + the cut.* de talla media = middle-sized.* de talla mundial = world-class.* talla de madera = wood carving.* * *1)a) (Indum) size¿cuál es su talla? — what size are you?
de o en todas las tallas — in all sizes
b) ( estatura) size, heightdar la talla — ( en altura) to be tall enough; ( mostrarse competente) to make the grade, measure up
c) ( categoría)una revista de la talla de `Semana' — a magazine as important as `Semana'
2) ( escultura) sculpture; ( de madera) carving; ( de piedras preciosas) cutting3) (AmL) (Jueg)a) ( repartición) dealb) ( banca) bank4) (Chi fam)a) ( dicho) joke, wisecrack (colloq)b) ( broma) practical joke* * *= carving.Ex: She situates the vessels in the context of Icelandic carving traditions in horn, bone, and walrus ivory = Ella sitúa las vasijas en el contexto de la tradición islandesa de la escultura en astas de cuernos, huesos y marfil de morsa.
* dar la talla = be up to the mark, be up to scratch, measure up (to), be up to snuff, make + the cut.* de talla media = middle-sized.* de talla mundial = world-class.* talla de madera = wood carving.* * *A1 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] ( Indum) size¿cuál es su talla? what size are you?¿qué talla usa? what size do you take?una camisa de la talla 42 a size 42 shirtte hace falta una talla más you need the next size up o a size largercalcetines de talla única one-size socksabrigos en todas las tallas coats in all sizes2 (estatura) size, heightde talla mediana of medium height3(categoría): un escritor de talla internacional/de gran talla a writer of international/of considerable statureuna revista de la talla de `Semana' a magazine as important as `Semana'B1 (escultura) sculpture2 (de madera) carving3 (de piedras preciosas) cuttingC (de reclutas) measuring ( and kitting out)D ( AmL) (en naipes)1 (repartición) deal2 (banca) bank¿quién tiene or lleva la talla? who's the bank?, who's banker?2 (broma) practical joke* * *
Del verbo tallar: ( conjugate tallar)
talla es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
talla
tallar
talla sustantivo femeninoa) (Indum) size;◊ ¿cuál es su talla? what size are you?;
de o en todas las tallas in all sizes
tallar ( conjugate tallar) verbo transitivo
1 ‹ madera› to carve;
‹escultura/mármol› to sculpt;
‹ piedras preciosas› to cut
2 (Méx)
verbo intransitivo (Col) [ zapatos] to be too tight
tallarse verbo pronominal (Méx)
‹ ojos› to rub
talla sustantivo femenino
1 (de ropa) size
¿cuál es tu talla?, what size are you?
2 (altura) height, stature: no da la talla para jugar al baloncesto, he's not tall enough to play basketball
3 (categoría, importancia) standing
un pintor de gran talla, a painter of great stature
4 (acción de tallar: piedras preciosas) cutting
(: madera) carving
(: metal) engraving
5 (escultura tallada) sculpture, (wood) carving
♦ Locuciones: figurado dar la talla, to make the grade, measure up
tallar verbo transitivo
1 (dar forma, esculpir) to sculpt
(piedras preciosas) to cut
(la madera) to carve
(el metal) to engrave
2 (medir a una persona) to measure the height of
' talla' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
belleza
- mayor
- sentar
- única
- único
- quedar
English:
fit
- height
- M
- scratch
- size
- take
- wanting
- woodcarving
- carving
- L
- medium
- out
- preferably
- stature
* * *talla nf1. [medida] size;¿qué talla usas? what size are you?;¿qué talla de camisa usas? what size shirt are you?, what size shirt do you take?;yo uso la talla XL I take size XL;unos pantalones de la talla 44 a pair of size 44 trousers;gorros de talla única one-size caps;no es de mi talla it's not my size2. [estatura] height;¿qué talla tiene el bebé? what does the baby measure?;es de mi talla she's my height3. [valor, capacidad] stature;hay pocos atletas de la talla del cubano there are few athletes to match the Cuban;políticos de gran talla moral politicians of considerable moral stature;dar la talla to be up to it;no dio la talla como representante del colegio he wasn't up to the task of representing his school4. [figura tallada] [en madera] carving;[en piedra] sculpture, carving; [en metal] sculpture5. [tallado] [de madera] carving;[piedra] sculpting, carving; [de metal] sculpting; [de piedras preciosas] cutting* * *f1 size;de gran talla fig outstanding;dar la talla fig make the grade2 ( estatura) height3 C.Am. ( mentira) lie* * *talla nf1) estatura: height2) : size (in clothing)3) : stature, status4) : sculpture, carving* * *¿qué talla usas? what size are you? -
7 cambiar
v.1 to change (alterarse) (modificar).cambiar de to changecambiar de casa to move (house)cambiar de trabajo to move o change jobsMaría cambió la enagua y se ve bien Mary changed the skirt and it looks nice.El dolor cambió a Pedro Grief changed Peter.María cambió los tragos Mary changed the drinks.2 to change gear (automobiles) (de marchas).3 to exchange, to barter, to switch, to change.María cambió la enagua y se ve bien Mary changed the skirt and it looks nice.El dolor cambió a Pedro Grief changed Peter.María cambió los tragos Mary changed the drinks.Ella cambió lugares con la mesera She exchanged places with the waitress.Todo cambia Everything changes.4 to get change.Ricardo cambió para el teléfono Richard got change for the phone.5 to change on.Me cambió toda la perspectiva The whole perspective changed on me.* * *(unstressed i)Present IndicativePresent SubjunctiveImperative* * *verb1) to change2) exchange, swap3) move* * *1. VT1) (=modificar) to change2) (=intercambiar) to exchange, swap *te cambio el rotulador verde por el rojo — I'll exchange my green pen for that red one, I'll swap you the green pen for the red one *
¿me cambias el sitio? — can we change places?, can we swap places? *
3) (=reemplazar) to change¿les has cambiado el agua a los peces? — have you changed the water in the fish tank?
¿me lo puede cambiar por otra talla? — could I change o exchange this for another size?
4) (=trasladar) to move5) (Econ, Com) to changetengo que cambiar 800 euros en o LAm a libras — I have to change 800 euros into pounds
¿tienes para cambiarme 50 euros? — have you got change for a 50-euro note?
2. VI1) (=volverse diferente) [persona, situación] to change; [voz] to breaksi es así, la cosa cambia — if it's true, that changes things, well that's a different story then
2)•
cambiar de — [+ actitud, canal, dirección] to change; [+ casa] to movecuando no le interesa algo, cambia de tema — whenever he isn't interested in something, he changes the subject
camisa 1), tercio 2)•
cambiar para mejor/peor — to change for the better/worse3) (Transportes) to change4) (Radio)¡cambio! — over!
¡cambio y corto!, ¡cambio y fuera! — over and out!
3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) (alterar, modificar) <horario/imagen/persona> to changeb) (de lugar, posición)cambiar algo/a alguien DE algo: cambiar los muebles de lugar to move the furniture around; nos van a cambiar de oficina they're going to move us to another office; cambié las flores de florero — I put the flowers in a different vase
c) ( reemplazar) <pieza/fecha/sábanas> to changed) <niño/bebé> to changesi no le queda bien lo puede cambiar — if it doesn't fit, you can exchange o change it
cambiar algo por algo — <sellos/estampas> to swap o (esp AmE) trade something for something; < compra> to exchange o change something for something
te cambio este libro por tu pluma — I'll swap you o trade this book for your pen
cambiarle algo a alguien: ¿quieres que te cambie el lugar? — do you want me to swap o change places with you?
3) (Fin) to change¿me puedes cambiar este billete? — can you change this bill (AmE) o (BrE) note for me?
cambiar algo a or (Esp) en algo — to change something into something
2.cambié 100 libras a or (Esp) en dólares — I changed 100 pounds into dollars
cambiar vi1)a) ciudad/persona ( alterarse) to changecambiar para peor/mejor — to change for the worse/better
está/lo noto muy cambiado — he's changed/he seems to have changed a lot
así la cosa cambia — oh well, that's different
b) (Auto) to change gearc) ( hacer transbordo) to changed) ( en transmisiones)cambio y corto or fuera — over and out
2) cambiar de to change3.cambiar de idea or opinión — to change one's mind
cambiarse v prona) (refl) ( de ropa) to change, to get changedb) (refl) <camisa/nombre/peinado> to change¿te cambiaste los calcetines? — did you change your socks?
c)d) (recípr) <sellos/estampas> to swap, to trade (esp AmE)e) cambiarse de to changef) (CS) ( mudarse de casa) to move* * *= alter, change, reshape [re-shape], reverse, revolutionise [revolutionize, -USA], shift, turn into, undergo + transformation, amend, redraw [re-draw], swing, morph, reengineer [re-engineer], metamorphose, refashion, move along, reschedule, convert, take + a turn, turn + Nombre + (a)round, shunt between, switch.Ex. Even the same collection some years on will have altered, and the device, in order to remain effective, must evolve in keeping with the development of the collection.Ex. I do not think I am alone in believing there is a need for significant change, for reshaping our educational programs as well as our institutional goals and philosophies.Ex. Entry of the number '11' reverses the present blacklisting status.Ex. It was pointed out that the practices of the profession were not being totally revolutionized overnight.Ex. In general, then, a post-co-ordinate index is simpler to produce than a pre-co-ordinate index, because it shifts the responsibility for co-ordination of index terms to the searcher.Ex. But the incompleteness of information can be turned into an asset by challenging students to specify what additional information they would like and how they would attempt to get it.Ex. This is because names of women authors frequently undergo transformations as a result of marriage and divorce; political jurisdictions also are annexed or gain independence and sometimes a new name; etc.Ex. This article shows how to amend and cancel orders and how to arrange delivery by telefacsimile.Ex. the Internet has fundamentally redrawn the way in which people can organize themselves.Ex. The article has the title 'The pendulum swings to the right: censorship in the eighties'.Ex. The librarians have the capabilities to morph sucessfully to keep in sync, so to speak, with the new technologies.Ex. Libraries in general, and the corporate library in particular, must reengineer to take their rightful place in the new age.Ex. Each of these three standards metamorphosed and had an impact far beyond the anticipation of all but the most far-sighted.Ex. The basic thesis of the book under review is that throughout his career Rembrandt restlessly fashioned and refashioned his self.Ex. As university libraries move along this continuum they will become evolutionary, non-hierarchical, entrepreneurial and horizontal.Ex. The 2005 second edition originally slated for 4th of May 2005 has been rescheduled for 2-4 August 2005.Ex. All listings for the final thesaurus must be converted to the format appropriate for typing, printing or input to a computer data base.Ex. All went well, and with the addition of two new people, computer science took a turn.Ex. When he was younger he really turned the library around, from a backwater, two-bit operation to the respected institution it is today.Ex. Till then, he will continue living out of a suitcase and shunt between the two continents.Ex. Role reversal seeks to answer some of these questions by having ordinary men and women switch genders for a month.----* actitud + cambiar = attitude + go.* ansias de cambiar de sitio = itchy feet.* cambiando = a-changing.* cambiando de asunto = on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.* cambiando de tema = on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.* cambiar a = switch over, switch to, transmute into, move to, change over to.* cambiar a la situación anterior = reverse.* cambiar Algo en Otra Cosa = turn + Nombre + into.* cambiar Algo para bien = turn + Nombre + into a good thing.* cambiar con el paso del tiempo = change over + time.* cambiar con el tiempo = change over + time.* cambiar con el transcurso del tiempo = change over + time.* cambiar de... a... = switch from... to....* cambiar de actitud = change + attitude.* cambiar de aire = move on to + pastures new.* cambiar de aires = change + scenery.* cambiar de ambiente = change + scenery.* cambiar de cantinela = change + Posesivo + tune.* cambiar de cara = arrange + countenance.* cambiar de dueño = change + hands.* cambiar de entorno = change + scenery.* cambiar de estrategia = change + tack.* cambiar de fondos = turn over.* cambiar de forma = shape-shift.* cambiar de forma de vivir = turn + Posesivo + life around.* cambiar de formato = reformat [re-format].* cambiar de lugar = relocate, resite [re-site].* cambiar de manos = change + hands.* cambiar de marcha = gear.* cambiar de nuevo al estado anterior = change back.* cambiar de opinión = change + Posesivo + mind, change + feet, change + Posesivo + tune.* cambiar de opinión a mitad de camino = change + horses in midstream.* cambiar de orientación = reposition [re-position].* cambiar de parecer = change + Posesivo + mind, change + Posesivo + tune.* cambiar de parecer a mitad de camino = change + horses in midstream.* cambiar de política a mitad de camino = change + horses in midstream.* cambiar de posición = transpose, reposition [re-position].* cambiar de postura = reconsider + position.* cambiar de propietario = change + hands.* cambiar de proveedor = churn.* cambiar de residencia = relocate.* cambiar de rumbo = branch off + on a side trail, change + tack.* cambiar de servicio = churn.* cambiar de sitio = shuffle.* cambiar de táctica = change + tack.* cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.* cambiar de velocidad = gear.* cambiar dirección = change + direction.* cambiar el decorado = change + the scenery.* cambiar el énfasis = shift + focus, shift + emphasis.* cambiar el paisaje = change + the scenery.* cambiar el precio = reprice.* cambiar el ritmo = change + the pace.* cambiar el techo de un edificio = re-roof.* cambiar el título = retitle.* cambiar el tono = modulate.* cambiar la instalación eléctrica = rewire.* cambiar las cosas desde dentro = change + things from the inside.* cambiar las espadas por arados = turn + swords into ploughshares.* cambiar la situación = change + the course of events.* cambiar las prioridades de... a... = shift + emphasis from... to....* cambiar las tornas = turn + the tables (on).* cambiar la vida = change + life.* cambiarle el agua al canario = pee, take + a leak, have + a leak.* cambiar lo acontencido = change + the course of events.* cambiar marchas = shift + gears.* cambiar para bien = change for + the better.* cambiar para mejor = change for + the better.* cambiar + Posesivo + vida = turn + Posesivo + life around.* cambiar radicalmente de postura = do + an about-face.* cambiar rápidamente = jump.* cambiarse de casa = move + house.* cambiarse de ropa = change.* cambiarse rápidamente = slip into + Posesivo + clothes.* cambiar tanto que resulta irreconocible = change + beyond (all) recognition.* cambiar velocidades = gear.* cosas + cambiar inesperadamente = things + take a turn for the unexpected.* dejar sin cambiar = leave + unchanged.* habitación para cambiar bebés = baby changing room.* hacer cambiar = swing + Persona.* hacer cambiar las cosas = turn + the tide on.* las cosas + cambiar = pendulum + swing.* la suerte + cambiar = the tide + turn.* no cambiar = keep + it up, keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work, stand + pat.* que cambia con el tiempo = ever-changing [ever changing], time-variant, ever-shifting.* que cambia la vida = life-changing, life-altering.* que se puede cambiar de tamaño = resizeable [re-sizeable].* sala para cambiar bebés = baby changing room.* situación + cambiar = tide + turn.* vida + cambiar por completo = turn + Posesivo + life around.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) (alterar, modificar) <horario/imagen/persona> to changeb) (de lugar, posición)cambiar algo/a alguien DE algo: cambiar los muebles de lugar to move the furniture around; nos van a cambiar de oficina they're going to move us to another office; cambié las flores de florero — I put the flowers in a different vase
c) ( reemplazar) <pieza/fecha/sábanas> to changed) <niño/bebé> to changesi no le queda bien lo puede cambiar — if it doesn't fit, you can exchange o change it
cambiar algo por algo — <sellos/estampas> to swap o (esp AmE) trade something for something; < compra> to exchange o change something for something
te cambio este libro por tu pluma — I'll swap you o trade this book for your pen
cambiarle algo a alguien: ¿quieres que te cambie el lugar? — do you want me to swap o change places with you?
3) (Fin) to change¿me puedes cambiar este billete? — can you change this bill (AmE) o (BrE) note for me?
cambiar algo a or (Esp) en algo — to change something into something
2.cambié 100 libras a or (Esp) en dólares — I changed 100 pounds into dollars
cambiar vi1)a) ciudad/persona ( alterarse) to changecambiar para peor/mejor — to change for the worse/better
está/lo noto muy cambiado — he's changed/he seems to have changed a lot
así la cosa cambia — oh well, that's different
b) (Auto) to change gearc) ( hacer transbordo) to changed) ( en transmisiones)cambio y corto or fuera — over and out
2) cambiar de to change3.cambiar de idea or opinión — to change one's mind
cambiarse v prona) (refl) ( de ropa) to change, to get changedb) (refl) <camisa/nombre/peinado> to change¿te cambiaste los calcetines? — did you change your socks?
c)d) (recípr) <sellos/estampas> to swap, to trade (esp AmE)e) cambiarse de to changef) (CS) ( mudarse de casa) to move* * *= alter, change, reshape [re-shape], reverse, revolutionise [revolutionize, -USA], shift, turn into, undergo + transformation, amend, redraw [re-draw], swing, morph, reengineer [re-engineer], metamorphose, refashion, move along, reschedule, convert, take + a turn, turn + Nombre + (a)round, shunt between, switch.Ex: Even the same collection some years on will have altered, and the device, in order to remain effective, must evolve in keeping with the development of the collection.
Ex: I do not think I am alone in believing there is a need for significant change, for reshaping our educational programs as well as our institutional goals and philosophies.Ex: Entry of the number '11' reverses the present blacklisting status.Ex: It was pointed out that the practices of the profession were not being totally revolutionized overnight.Ex: In general, then, a post-co-ordinate index is simpler to produce than a pre-co-ordinate index, because it shifts the responsibility for co-ordination of index terms to the searcher.Ex: But the incompleteness of information can be turned into an asset by challenging students to specify what additional information they would like and how they would attempt to get it.Ex: This is because names of women authors frequently undergo transformations as a result of marriage and divorce; political jurisdictions also are annexed or gain independence and sometimes a new name; etc.Ex: This article shows how to amend and cancel orders and how to arrange delivery by telefacsimile.Ex: the Internet has fundamentally redrawn the way in which people can organize themselves.Ex: The article has the title 'The pendulum swings to the right: censorship in the eighties'.Ex: The librarians have the capabilities to morph sucessfully to keep in sync, so to speak, with the new technologies.Ex: Libraries in general, and the corporate library in particular, must reengineer to take their rightful place in the new age.Ex: Each of these three standards metamorphosed and had an impact far beyond the anticipation of all but the most far-sighted.Ex: The basic thesis of the book under review is that throughout his career Rembrandt restlessly fashioned and refashioned his self.Ex: As university libraries move along this continuum they will become evolutionary, non-hierarchical, entrepreneurial and horizontal.Ex: The 2005 second edition originally slated for 4th of May 2005 has been rescheduled for 2-4 August 2005.Ex: All listings for the final thesaurus must be converted to the format appropriate for typing, printing or input to a computer data base.Ex: All went well, and with the addition of two new people, computer science took a turn.Ex: When he was younger he really turned the library around, from a backwater, two-bit operation to the respected institution it is today.Ex: Till then, he will continue living out of a suitcase and shunt between the two continents.Ex: Role reversal seeks to answer some of these questions by having ordinary men and women switch genders for a month.* actitud + cambiar = attitude + go.* ansias de cambiar de sitio = itchy feet.* cambiando = a-changing.* cambiando de asunto = on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.* cambiando de tema = on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.* cambiar a = switch over, switch to, transmute into, move to, change over to.* cambiar a la situación anterior = reverse.* cambiar Algo en Otra Cosa = turn + Nombre + into.* cambiar Algo para bien = turn + Nombre + into a good thing.* cambiar con el paso del tiempo = change over + time.* cambiar con el tiempo = change over + time.* cambiar con el transcurso del tiempo = change over + time.* cambiar de... a... = switch from... to....* cambiar de actitud = change + attitude.* cambiar de aire = move on to + pastures new.* cambiar de aires = change + scenery.* cambiar de ambiente = change + scenery.* cambiar de cantinela = change + Posesivo + tune.* cambiar de cara = arrange + countenance.* cambiar de dueño = change + hands.* cambiar de entorno = change + scenery.* cambiar de estrategia = change + tack.* cambiar de fondos = turn over.* cambiar de forma = shape-shift.* cambiar de forma de vivir = turn + Posesivo + life around.* cambiar de formato = reformat [re-format].* cambiar de lugar = relocate, resite [re-site].* cambiar de manos = change + hands.* cambiar de marcha = gear.* cambiar de nuevo al estado anterior = change back.* cambiar de opinión = change + Posesivo + mind, change + feet, change + Posesivo + tune.* cambiar de opinión a mitad de camino = change + horses in midstream.* cambiar de orientación = reposition [re-position].* cambiar de parecer = change + Posesivo + mind, change + Posesivo + tune.* cambiar de parecer a mitad de camino = change + horses in midstream.* cambiar de política a mitad de camino = change + horses in midstream.* cambiar de posición = transpose, reposition [re-position].* cambiar de postura = reconsider + position.* cambiar de propietario = change + hands.* cambiar de proveedor = churn.* cambiar de residencia = relocate.* cambiar de rumbo = branch off + on a side trail, change + tack.* cambiar de servicio = churn.* cambiar de sitio = shuffle.* cambiar de táctica = change + tack.* cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.* cambiar de velocidad = gear.* cambiar dirección = change + direction.* cambiar el decorado = change + the scenery.* cambiar el énfasis = shift + focus, shift + emphasis.* cambiar el paisaje = change + the scenery.* cambiar el precio = reprice.* cambiar el ritmo = change + the pace.* cambiar el techo de un edificio = re-roof.* cambiar el título = retitle.* cambiar el tono = modulate.* cambiar la instalación eléctrica = rewire.* cambiar las cosas desde dentro = change + things from the inside.* cambiar las espadas por arados = turn + swords into ploughshares.* cambiar la situación = change + the course of events.* cambiar las prioridades de... a... = shift + emphasis from... to....* cambiar las tornas = turn + the tables (on).* cambiar la vida = change + life.* cambiarle el agua al canario = pee, take + a leak, have + a leak.* cambiar lo acontencido = change + the course of events.* cambiar marchas = shift + gears.* cambiar para bien = change for + the better.* cambiar para mejor = change for + the better.* cambiar + Posesivo + vida = turn + Posesivo + life around.* cambiar radicalmente de postura = do + an about-face.* cambiar rápidamente = jump.* cambiarse de casa = move + house.* cambiarse de ropa = change.* cambiarse rápidamente = slip into + Posesivo + clothes.* cambiar tanto que resulta irreconocible = change + beyond (all) recognition.* cambiar velocidades = gear.* cosas + cambiar inesperadamente = things + take a turn for the unexpected.* dejar sin cambiar = leave + unchanged.* habitación para cambiar bebés = baby changing room.* hacer cambiar = swing + Persona.* hacer cambiar las cosas = turn + the tide on.* las cosas + cambiar = pendulum + swing.* la suerte + cambiar = the tide + turn.* no cambiar = keep + it up, keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work, stand + pat.* que cambia con el tiempo = ever-changing [ever changing], time-variant, ever-shifting.* que cambia la vida = life-changing, life-altering.* que se puede cambiar de tamaño = resizeable [re-sizeable].* sala para cambiar bebés = baby changing room.* situación + cambiar = tide + turn.* vida + cambiar por completo = turn + Posesivo + life around.* * *cambiar [A1 ]vtA1 (alterar, modificar) ‹horario/imagen› to changeeso no cambia nada that doesn't change anythingesa experiencia lo cambió mucho that experience changed him greatly2 (de lugar, posición) cambiar algo/a algn DE algo:cambiar los muebles de lugar to move the furniture aroundvoy a cambiar el sofá de lugar I'm going to put the sofa somewhere else o move the sofanos van a cambiar de oficina they're going to move us to another officeme cambiaron de clase they put me in another class, they changed me to o moved me into another classcambié las flores de florero I put the flowers in a different vase3 (reemplazar) ‹pieza/rueda/bombilla/sábanas› to changehan cambiado la fecha del examen they've changed the date of the examcambiarle algo A algo:le cambió la pila al reloj she changed the battery in the clockle han cambiado el nombre a la tienda they've changed the name of the shop4 ‹niño/bebé› to changesi no le queda bien lo puede cambiar if it doesn't fit, you can change itcambiar algo POR algo ‹sellos/estampos› to swap or ( esp AmE) trade sth FOR sth ‹compra› to exchange or change sth FOR sth:quiero cambiar esta blusa por otra or una más grande I'd like to change o exchange this blouse for a larger sizete cambio este libro por tus lápices de colores I'll trade this book for your crayons, I'll swap you this book for your crayonscambiarle algo A algn:¿quieres que te cambie el sitio? do you want to trade o swap o change o ( frml) exchange places?, do you want me to swap o change o ( frml) exchange places with you?C ( Fin) to change¿dónde puedo cambiar dinero? where can I change money?cambiar algo A or ( Esp) EN algo to change sth INTO sthquiero cambiar estas libras a or en dólares I'd like to change these pounds into dollars■ cambiarviA1 «ciudad/persona» (variar, alterarse) to changeha cambiado para peor/mejor he's changed for the worse/betterestá/lo noto muy cambiado he's changed/he seems to have changed a lotya verás como la vida te hace cambiar you'll change as you get olderasí la cosa cambia oh well, that's different o that changes thingsle está cambiando la voz his voice is breaking2 ( Auto) to change gear3 (hacer transbordo) to change4(en transmisiones): cambio overcambio y corto or fuera over and outB cambiar de to changecambiar de color to change colorla tienda ha cambiado de dueño the shop has changed handshe cambiado de idea or opinión or parecer I've changed my mindel avión cambió de rumbo the plane changed coursecambiar de marcha to change gearno cambies de tema don't change the subjectcambió de canal he changed channel(s)2 ( refl) ‹camisa/nombre/peinado› to change¿te has cambiado los calcetines? have you changed your socks?3 cambiarse POR algn to change places WITH sbno me cambiaría por ella I wouldn't change places with her, I wouldn't trade ( AmE) o ( BrE) swap places with her ( colloq)nos hemos cambiado los relojes we've traded o swapped watches5 cambiarse de to changeme cambié de sitio I changed placescambiarse de casa to move housecámbiate de camisa change your shirt6 (CS) (mudarse de casa) to move* * *
cambiar ( conjugate cambiar) verbo transitivo
1
b) (de lugar, posición):
cambié las flores de florero I put the flowers in a different vase
cambiarle el nombre a algo to change the name of sth
e) (Fin) to change;
cambié 100 libras a or (Esp) en dólares I changed 100 pounds into dollars
2 ( canjear) ‹sellos/estampas› to swap, to trade (esp AmE);
cambiar algo por algo ‹sellos/estampas› to swap o (esp AmE) trade sth for sth;
‹ compra› to exchange o change sth for sth;◊ ¿quieres que te cambie el lugar? do you want me to swap o change places with you?
verbo intransitivo
le está cambiando la voz his voice is breakingb) (Auto) to change gear
◊ cambiar de avión/tren to change planes/train
cambiar de sentido to make (AmE) o (BrE) do a U-turn
cambiarse verbo pronominal
cambiarse de algo ‹de camisa/zapatos› to change sth;
cambiarse de casa to move house;
cámbiate de camisa change your shirtc) cambiarse por algn to change places with sb
cambiar
I verbo transitivo
1 to change
2 (cromos, etc) to swap, (en un comercio) exchange
3 (un tipo de moneda por otro) to change
II verbo intransitivo to change
cambiar de casa, to move (house)
cambiar de idea, to change one's mind
cambiar de sitio, to move
cambiar de trabajo, to get another job
cambiar de velocidad, to change gear
' cambiar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bando
- camisa
- chaqueta
- desnaturalizar
- girar
- idea
- impresión
- infranqueable
- lucha
- parecer
- torna
- tornar
- trasladar
- volverse
- arrepentirse
- color
- lado
- lugar
- marcha
- mudar
- reubicar
- tema
- transformar
- tren
- variar
- voltear
- vuelta
English:
about-face
- about-turn
- abruptly
- alter
- anyhow
- change
- change around
- change over
- dead
- debate
- doctor
- frame
- gear
- hold
- into
- lighting
- mind
- modify
- move
- move about
- move around
- move on
- prerogative
- rearrange
- replace
- reverse
- shift
- shift about
- shift around
- stationary
- steadily
- subject
- swap
- swap for
- swap round
- swing
- switch
- switch over
- tack
- think
- tune
- vary
- barter
- break
- budge
- course
- disguise
- exchange
- get
- hand
* * *♦ vt1. [alterar, modificar] to change;han cambiado la fecha de salida they've changed o altered the departure date;quiere cambiar su imagen she wants to change her image;el divorcio lo ha cambiado por completo the divorce has changed him completely, he has changed completely since the divorce;cambió su sonrisa en llanto her smile turned to tears;tus disculpas no cambian nada your apologies don't change anything2. [trasladar] to move;tenemos que cambiar las sillas de lugar we have to move the chairs;cambiaron la sede central a Buenos Aires they moved their headquarters to Buenos Aires;lo van a cambiar a otro colegio they're going to move him to another school3. [reemplazar] [rueda, sábanas] to change;tenemos que cambiar la lavadora we have to get a new washing machine;tengo que cambiar el agua del acuario I have to change the water in the fish tank, I have to put some fresh water in the fish tank;cambiar un artículo defectuoso to exchange a faulty item;si no está satisfecho, lo puede cambiar if you're not satisfied with it, you can change it;tuve que cambiarle una rueda al coche I had to change one of the wheels on the car;cambiaré este tornillo por otro más largo I'll swap this screw for a longer one;Fam¡cambia el disco o [m5]rollo, que ya aburres! you're getting boring! can't you talk about anything else?4. [intercambiar] to swap;cambiar cromos/sellos to swap picture cards/stamps;cambiar impresiones to compare notes, to exchange views;cambiar algo por algo to exchange sth for sth;cambié mi reloj por el suyo I swapped watches with him;he cambiado mi turno con un compañero I swapped shifts with a colleague;¿te importaría cambiarme el sitio? would you mind swapping o changing places with me?5. [dinero] to change;en aquel banco cambian dinero they change money at that bank;¿me podría cambiar este billete en monedas, por favor? could you give me change for this note in coins, please?;cambiar dólares en euros to change dollars into euros6. [bebé] to change♦ vi1. [alterarse] to change;ha cambiado mucho desde el accidente she has changed a lot since the accident;la situación no ha cambiado mucho there has been little change in the situation;algunas personas no cambian nunca some people never change;ya crecerá y cambiará she'll change as she gets older;cambiar a mejor/peor to change for the better/worse;en ese caso, la cosa cambia that's different, that changes everything;le ha cambiado la voz his voice has broken2.cambiar de to change;cambiar de autobús/tren to change buses/trains;Figcambiar de camisa/chaqueta to change one's shirt/jacket;cambiar de canal [de TV] to turn over, to change channels;cambiar de casa to move (house);cambiar de color to change colour;cambiar de dueño to change hands;cambiar de idea/intención to change one's mind/plans;cambiar de manos [dinero, vehículo] to change hands;cambiar de ritmo to change pace;cambiar de rumbo to change course;cambiar de sexo to have a sex change;cambiar de sitio to change place, to move;cambiar de táctica to change one's tactics;cambiar de trabajo to move o change jobscambiar a segunda to change into second gear4. Meteo to change, to shift;el viento cambió the wind changed* * *II v/i change;cambiar de lugar change places;cambiar de marcha AUTO shift gear, Br change gear;cambiar de domicilio move house;cambiar de tren change trains;cambiar de coche get a new car;parecer change one’s mind* * *cambiar vt1) alterar, modificar: to change2) : to exchange, to tradecambiar vi1) : to change2)cambiar de velocidad : to shift gears* * *cambiar vb1. (en general) to changesi no te va bien, te lo cambiaremos if it doesn't fit, we'll change it¿dónde puede cambiar las libras en euros? where can I change my pounds into euros?2. to exchange / to swap [pt. & pp. swapped]cambiar de opinión / parecer to change your mind -
8 change
tʃeɪndʒ
1. сущ.
1) а) перемена;
изменение, сдвиг( from, into, to, in, of) ;
замена (любого рода, напр., игрока в футболе) ;
череда, чередование to bring about, effect, make a change ≈ внести изменения to undergo change ≈ подвергаться изменениям, претерпевать изменения drastic, great change ≈ большие перемены little change ≈ незначительная модификация marked change ≈ значительные перемены momentous change ≈ мгновенные изменения needed change ≈ необходимые изменения quick change ≈ быстрые изменения radical, striking, sweeping change ≈ радикальные перемены sudden change ≈ внезапные изменения, внезапный сдвиг welcome change ≈ желанные перемены Change, constant change, is the law of organic life. ≈ Изменение, вечное непрекращающееся изменение - закон органической жизни. There was little change in his condition. ≈ Его состояние не изменилось. a change occurs, takes place ≈ происходит изменение a change for the better ≈ изменение к лучшему the change from spring to summer ≈ переход от весны к лету (смена времен года) changes in personnel ≈ кадровые изменения the change of seasons ≈ смена времен года б) перен. смерть I went to my mother, and found her change was near. ≈ Я проведал мать и понял, что ей недолго осталось. в) муз. вариация;
модуляция ∙ social change change of pace change of air change of life for a change
2) что-л. взамен чего-л. другого а) смена (белья, платья) б) сдача;
мелкие деньги, мелочь to count, get, take one's change ≈ получить сдачу to give, make, return change for ≈ дать сдачу мелочью to keep the change ≈ оставить сдачу Сan you give me change for a pound? ≈ У Вас будет сдача с фунта? Passengers are requested to examine their tickets and change before leaving. ≈ Пассажиров просят проверять билеты и сдачу не отходя от кассы. small change no change given make change в) пересадка( на железной дороге, трамвае) г) авт. включение другой передачи, переключение передач, скоростей - change down - change up д) расплата, "должное";
возврат долга He gave me a real change, helped my son into University. ≈ Он мне оказал большую услугу - помог моему сыну поступить. not to get any change from smb. Take your change out of that! ≈ Вот тебе! Это тебе за то-то и то-то! (реплика в драке, в момент совершения мести и т.п.) ∙ change of heart hunt change
3) новолуние I still have fits, always with a change in the moon. ≈ У меня до сих пор на новолуние случаются припадки.
4) мн. а) отступление от канонического порядка колокольного звона (от самого большого колокола к самому маленькому) б) тот или иной тип колокольного звона (любой порядок колоколов) Four bells admit twenty-four changes in ringing. ≈ Для четырех колоколов возможно двадцать четыре типа звонов. в) та или иная манера игры на колоколах ∙ ring the changes
5) (Change) (лондонская) биржа (можно рассматривать как сокр. от Exchange, что, впрочем, этимологически неверно) Good, honest, generous men at home, will be wolves and foxes on change! ≈ Дома они сущие ангелы, честные до мозга костей, но на бирже они кровожадные волки и хитрые лисы!
6) шотл. пивная ∙ to get no change out of smb. разг. ≈ ничего не добиться от кого-л. to take the change on smb. разг. ≈ обмануть кого-л.
2. гл.
1) менять(ся), изменять(ся) ;
заменять, сменять School has changed the boy into a coward. ≈ Школа сделала его трусом. I am the Lord, I change not. ≈ Ибо Я - Господь, Я не изменяюсь ( Мал 3,
6.) Nothing will die, all things will change. ≈ Ничто не умирает, но все меняется (Лаун-Теннисон) - change colour change countenance change hands change to change into change for the better change for the worse Syn: alter, convert, modify, transfigure, transform, transmogrify, transmute, render Ant: maintain, stabilize, sustain
4)
2) заменять одно на другое а) переодеваться;
одеваться к ужину, надевать вечернее платье to change from, change out of ≈ снимать что-л. I shall have to change from (или out of) these wet clothes. ≈ Мне надо переодеться, я весь мокрый. to change into ≈ надевать что-л. Syn: to change oneself б) делать пересадку, пересаживаться( на другой поезд, трамвай и т. п.) (to) all change! ≈ пересадка! в) менять, обменивать (о деньгах) I should like to change these pounds into dollars. ≈ Мне нужно обменять фунты на доллары. г) меняться, обмениваться( чем-л.) I'd like to change this dress for one in a larger size. ≈ Я бы хотел обменять это платье на такое же, но большего размера. д) авт. переключать передачу - change up - change down е) переходить в другую фазу (о луне) ж) переезжать, менять местожительство, место работы If a vicar dies or changes. ≈ Если викарий умрет или будет переведен на другую кафедру. ∙ change bandage - change one's mind change sides Syn: substitute, replace, exchange, interchange
3) изменяться до полной неузнаваемости, менять сущность а) скисать;
сгнить;
портиться б) превращаться ∙ change back change from change into change down change over change round change up change with to change horses in the midstream ≈ "менять коней на переправе", производить крупные перемены в критический или опасный момент перемена, изменение;
- * of weather перемена погоды;
- * of scene перемена обстановки;
- * of the scenes (театроведение) перемена декораций;
- * of heart изменение намерений;
переворот в убеждениях или чувствах;
- * of pace смена ритма, скорости, хода;
резкая смена образа жизни и деятельности;
внесение разнообразия в жизнь;
- * of front( военное) перемена фронта;
коренные изменения;
поворот на 180 градусов;
- * of air перемена обстановки;
(техническое) обмен воздуха;
- * of station( военное) командировка, перевод в другую часть;
- * of leads перемена ноги на галопе;
- * of tide чередование приливно-отливных течений;
- subject to * могущий измениться;
подлежащий изменению;
- many *s have taken place многое изменилось;
- the * from winter to spring переход от зимы к весне;
- * gear (техническое) механизм изменения хода и скоростей;
- * part (техническое) сменная деталь;
- * switch( техническое) переключатель замена, смена;
подмена;
разнообразие;
- for a * для разнообразия;
- you need a * вам нужно переменить обстановку;
- this journey will be a * for you поездка внесет в вашу жизнь некоторое разнообразие смена (белья) ;
- * station( военное) пункт обмена обмундирования;
- a * of underwear смена белья размен (денег) ;
- to give * for a pound note разменять банковый билет в 1 фунт стерлингов обмен (на другую валюту) сдача;
- he got ninepence * он получил 9 пенсов сдачи;
- keep the *! сдачи не нужно разменная монета;
мелкие деньги, мелочь;
что-л мелкое;
пустяки, мелочи жизни пересадка ( на железной дороги) ;
- no * for Oxford до Оксфорда без пересадки;
(здесь) пересадки на Оксфорд нет;
- to make a * at N. делать пересадку в N. (специальное) превращение;
- chemical * химическое превращение (астрономия) новая фаза Луны, новолуние обыкн. pl трезвон( колоколов) - to ring the *s вызванивать на колоколах (шотландское) кабачок, пивная "параграф" (фигурное катание) > to get no * out of smb. ничего не добиться от кого-л;
ничего не выведать у кого-л;
> to take the * out of smb. отомстить кому-л;
> take your * out of that! получайте!, вот вам!;
> to ring the * повторять, твердить на все лады одно и то же;
быстро менять одежду и внешний вид;
переодеваться, маскироваться;
менять, изменять;
переделывать;
- to * the course( морское) изменять курс;
- to * one's address переменить адрес, переехать;
- to * colour покраснеть или побледнеть;
- to * countenance измениться в лице;
- to * step сменить ногу;
- * arms!( военное) передать оружие! (из одной руки в другую, с одного плеча на другое) - success *d him добившись успеха, он изменился;
- we can't * human nature человеческую природу не переделаешь;
- we *d the room by making a new window мы перестроили комнату, прорезав новое окно меняться, изменяться;
- the weather *s very often погода часто меняется;
- times * времена меняются;
- the wind has *d from north to east северный ветер перешел в восточный;
- how he has *d как он изменился! - they are changing from their old ideas они отказываются от своих старых представлений;
- I could not wish it *d я бы хотел, чтобы все оставалось по-прежнему обменивать;
- take the hat back to the shop and * it отнеси шляпу в магазин и поменяй ее обмениваться, меняться;
поменяться с кем-л местами переодеваться;
- to * for dinner переодеться к обеду;
- to * into a new suit переодеться в новый костюм;
- he *d his clothes он переоделся;
менять белье, пеленки;
- to * a bed перестелить постель, сменить постельное белье;
- to * a baby (разговорное) перепеленать ребенка превращать;
- the magician *d a watch into a rabbit фокусник превратил часы в кролика превращаться;
- caterpillars * into butterflies гусеницы превращаются в бабочек;
- to * into a bird превратиться в птицу, обернуться птицей;
- to * into a miser превратиться в скрягу, стать скрягой портиться;
- this colour *s эта краска линяет( разговорное) портить;
- the milk is *d молоко свернулось переходить в новую фазу (о луне) ;
- the moon will * on the fourteenth новолуние наступит четырнадцатого разменивать, менять ( деньги) ;
- to * a pound note разменять банковый билет в один фунт;
- to * a cheque получить наличные деньги по чеку обменивать (другую валюту) ;
- to * pounds into francs обменять фунты на франки делать пересадку, пересаживаться;
- to * from one train to another пересаживаться на другой поезд;
- all*! поезд дальше не идет! > to * one's mind передумать, изменить свое решение;
> to * hands переходить из рук в руки;
переходить к другому владельцу;
> the house has *d hands four times дом переходил от владельца к владельцу четыре раза;
> to * the hand переменить направление (конный спорт) ;
> to * one's skin измениться до неузнаваемости;
"перекраситься";
> to * face повернуться на 180 градусов, переменить фронт, повернуться в другую сторону;
> to * sides перебежать в лагерь противника;
изменить своим убеждениям;
> to * one's note переменить тон, заговорить по-иному;
> to * horses in midstream производить крупные перемены в опасный момент;
менять лошадей на переправе address ~ вчт. изменение адреса address ~ вчт. переадресация administrative ~ административная реорганизация ~ делать пересадку, пересаживаться (to - на другой поезд, трамвай и т. п.) ;
all change! пересадка! change биржа ~ делать пересадку, пересаживаться (to - на другой поезд, трамвай и т. п.) ;
all change! пересадка! ~ делать пересадку ~ замена ~ изменение ~ изменять Change (сокр. от Exchange) лондонская биржа ~ мелкие деньги ~ мелочь ~ менять(-ся), изменять(ся) ;
сменять, заменять;
times change времена меняются ~ менять ~ менять деньги ~ новая фаза Луны, новолуние ~ обменивать(ся) ~ обменивать ~ переделывать ~ перемена;
изменение;
сдвиг;
social change общественные (или социальные) сдвиги ~ перемена ~ переодеваться ~ пересадка (на железной дороге, трамвае) ;
no change for Oxford в Оксфорд без пересадки ~ пересадка ~ to ~ up (down) авто переходить на большую (меньшую) скорость ~ подмена ~ размен (денег) ~ размен денег ~ разменная монета, сдача ~ разменная монета ~ разменять (деньги) ~ разнообразие;
for a change для разнообразия ~ разнообразие ~ сдача;
мелкие деньги, мелочь ~ сдача ~ скисать, прокисать;
портиться ~ смена (белья, платья) ~ смена ~ (обыкн. pl) трезвон, перезвон колоколов to ~ colour покраснеть или побледнеть to ~ countenance измениться в лице ~ for reasons of consistency изменение из соображений совместимости ~ gear тех. механизм перемены направления движения to ~ hands переходить из рук в руки;
переходить к другому владельцу hands: hands: change ~ переходить в другие руки to ~ horses in the midstream производить крупные перемены в критический или опасный момент ~ in behaviour изменение поведения ~ in cash value изменение стоимости в денежном выражении ~ in currency exchange rate изменение валютного курса ~ in currency exchange rate изменение обменного курса ~ in cyclical trend полит.эк. изменение периодического тренда ~ in definition изменение формулировки ~ in direction перемена курса ~ in exchange rates изменение валютных курсов ~ in foreign reserves изменение валютных запасов ~ in interest rates изменение процентных ставок ~ in inventories изменение уровней запасов ~ in net foreign reserves изменение чистой суммы валютных резервов ~ in net forward sales бирж. изменение объема нетто-продаж на срок ~ in order of priorities изменения порядка очередности ~ in practice изменение процедуры ~ in presentation of accounts изменение порядка представления отчетности ~ in price изменение цен ~ in statistical recording изменение статистической отчетности ~ in stock изменение уровня запасов ~ in stockbuilding изменение порядка создания запасов ~ in timing изменение чередования периодов ~ in work in progress изменение выполняемой работы ~ of address изменение адреса ~ of address модификация адреса ~ of address переадресование ~ of air тех. обмен воздуха ~ of air перемена обстановки ~ of attitude изменение отношения ~ of government смена правительства ~ of level изменение уровня ~ of life мед. климактерий ~ of managers смена руководителей ~ of name изменение названия ~ of ownership раздел собственности ~ of policy-orientation изменение политической ориентации ~ of profession смена профессии ~ of supplier смена поставщика ~ of system изменение системы ~ of trade смена профессии to ~ one's mind передумать, изменить решение mind: to be of the same ~ оставаться при своем мнении;
to speak one's mind говорить откровенно;
to change (или to alter) one's mind передумать;
to my mind по моему мнению ~ over меняться местами ~ over вчт. переключать ~ over переходить (to - на что-л.) to ~ sides перейти на другую сторону (в политике, в споре и т. п.) sides: sides: change ~ изменять точку зрения control ~ вчт. смена режима управления de facto ~ фактическое изменение engineering ~ вчт. техническое изменение exact ~ точное изменение exchange rate ~ изменение валютного курса fee ~ изменение размера сбора ~ разнообразие;
for a change для разнообразия generational ~ смена поколений to get no ~ out (of smb.) разг. ничего не добиться (от кого-л.) job ~ продвижение по службе minor ~ незначительное изменение ~ пересадка (на железной дороге, трамвае) ;
no change for Oxford в Оксфорд без пересадки postproduction ~ вчт. доработка в процессе изготовления price ~ нетто-изменение курса ценной бумаги в течение рабочего дня price ~ переоценка public ~ вчт. общедоступное изменение random ~s случайные изменения to ring the changes (on) повторять, твердить на все лады одно и то же runtime ~ вчт. изменение на период прогона small ~ мелкая разменная монета small ~ мелкие деньги, мелочь small ~ (что-л.) мелкое, незначительное small ~ небольшое изменение small ~ незначительное изменение small ~ несущественное изменение ~ перемена;
изменение;
сдвиг;
social change общественные (или социальные) сдвиги social ~ изменения в обществе social ~ социальная перемена (перемены в жизни общества) step ~ вчт. ступенчатое изменение structural ~ структурное изменение to take the ~ (on smb.) разг. обмануть (кого-л.) to take the ~ out of a person разг. отомстить (кому-л.) ~ менять(-ся), изменять(ся) ;
сменять, заменять;
times change времена меняются -
9 avoir
avoir [avwaʀ]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━➭ TABLE 34━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque avoir fait partie d'une locution comme avoir faim, avoir raison, reportez-vous à l'autre mot.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• j'ai trois frères I have or I've got three brothers• j'ai la réponse I have or I've got the answer• il n'avait pas d'argent he had no money or didn't have any money• en avoir (inf!) ( = être courageux) to have balls (vulg!)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque avoir est utilisé pour localiser un bâtiment, un objet etc, il peut se traduire par to have (got), mais l'anglais préférera souvent une tournure avec to be.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━c. ( = obtenir) to get• pouvez-vous nous avoir ce livre ? can you get this book for us?d. ( = porter) [+ vêtements] to wear• ici, le lac a 2 km de large the lake is 2km wide hereg. ( = souffrir de) [+ rhume, maladie] to have• qu'est-ce que tu as ? what's wrong with you?• il a qu'il est jaloux he's jealous, that's what's wrong with him• qu'est-ce qu'il a à pleurer ? what's he crying for?h. ( = faire) to makei. ( = recevoir chez soi) to havej. ( = avoir un cours de, avoir à faire) to have• le vendredi, j'ai trois heures d'anglais I have three hours of English on Fridaysk. ( = atteindre, attraper) to get• on les aura ! we'll get them! (inf)• je t'aurai ! I'll get you! (inf)• je t'ai bien eu ! got you there! (inf)• je me suis fait avoir de 300 € I was conned out of 300 euros (inf!)2. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Le passé composé français peut se traduire soit par le prétérit, soit par le parfait anglais, selon le contexte.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• hier, j'ai mangé trois bananes yesterday, I ate three bananas• as-tu faim ? -- non, j'ai mangé trois bananes are you hungry? -- no, I've eaten three bananas• j'étais pressé, alors j'ai couru I was in a hurry so I ran► avoir à + infinitif ( = devoir)• c'est simple, vous n'avez qu'à lui écrire it's simple, just write to him• s'il n'est pas content, il n'a qu'à partir if he doesn't like it, he can always leave3. <► il y a• il y a voiture et voiture ! there are cars and cars!• qu'y a-t-il ? what is it?• qu'est-ce qu'il y a ? what's the matter?• qu'est-ce qu'il y a eu ? what's happened?• il n'y a pas que toi ! you're not the only one!• il n'y a que lui pour faire cela ! trust him to do that!• j'achète du pain ? -- non, il y en a encore shall I buy some bread? -- no, there's some left• il y en a qui disent... there are those who say...• il y en a qui feraient mieux de se taire ! some people would do better to keep quiet!• il n'y en a que pour mon petit frère, à la maison my little brother gets all the attention at home• il n'y en a eu que pour lui pendant l'émission the whole programme revolved around him► y a pas (inf)il y a pas, faut que je parte it's no good, I've got to go• y a pas, il faut qu'il désobéisse he just won't do as he's told• il y a pas à dire, il est très there's no denying he's very intelligent► il n'y a qu'à (+ infinitif), y a qu'à (+ infinitif) (inf)b. (temps)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Pour exprimer une durée, le présent français devient un parfait en anglais, l'imparfait un pluperfect.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Dans le cas d'une action révolue, on emploie ago et le prétérit.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• il y a dix ans, j'ai obtenu mon diplôme I graduated ten years ago• combien y a-t-il d'ici à Lille ? how far is it from here to Lille?4. <a. ( = bien) assetsb. ( = actif) credit ; ( = billet) credit note5. <* * *
I avwaʀ1) ( obtenir) to get [objet, rendez-vous]; to catch [train, avion]2) ( au téléphone)j'ai réussi à l'avoir — I managed to get through to him/her
3) ( porter) to wear, to have [something] on4) (colloq) ( triompher) to beat, to get (colloq), to havecette fois-ci, on les aura — this time, we'll get ou have them
5) ( duper) to have (colloq); ( par malveillance) to con (colloq)elle s'est fait or laissée avoir — she's been had (colloq)
6) ( éprouver moralement) to feelavoir du chagrin/de la haine — to feel sorrow/hate
qu'est-ce que tu as? — what's wrong ou the matter with you?
7) (servant à exprimer l'âge, des sensations physiques)j'ai 20 ans/faim/froid — I am 20 years old/hungry/cold
la salle a 20 mètres de long — the room is 20 metres [BrE] long
II avwaʀnom masculin2) ( possessions) assets (pl), holdings (pl)•Phrasal Verbs:
••
Dans la plupart des situations exprimant la possession, la disponibilité avoir sera traduit par to have ou to have got: j'ai des livres/enfants/employés = I have (got) books/children/employees; je n'ai pas assez de place/temps = I don't have (ou I haven't got) enough room/time; la maison a l'électricité/cinq pièces = the house has electricity/five rooms; j'aurai mon visa demain = I'll have my visa tomorrow; ils vont/elle va avoir un bébé en mai = they're/she's having a baby in MayLes autres sens de avoir, verbe transitif simple (obtenir, porter, triompher de etc), sont traités dans l'entrée plus basOn notera qu'en règle générale les expressions figées du type avoir raison, avoir beau, en avoir marre, il y a belle lurette, il y a de quoi etc seront traitées respectivement sous raison, beau, marre, lurette, quoi etcOn pourra également consulter les diverses notes d'usage répertoriées, notamment celles consacrées à l'expression de l'âge, aux maladies, à l'expression de l'heure etcOn trouvera ci-dessous les divers emplois de avoir pour lesquelles une explication est nécessaireavoir = verbe auxiliaireavoir verbe auxiliaire se traduit toujours par to have sauf dans le cas du passé composé: ils avaient révisé les épreuves quand je suis parti = they had revised the proofs when I left; quand ils eurent (ou ont eu) révisé les épreuves, ils sont partis = when they had revised the proofs, they left; ils auront fini demain = they will have finished tomorrow; il aurait (ou eût) aimé parler = he would have liked to speak. Lorsqu'on a un passé composé en français, il sera traduit soit par le prétérit: ils ont révisé les épreuves en juin = they revised the proofs in June; ils ont révisé les épreuves avant ma démission = they revised the proofs before I resigned; je suis sûr qu'il l'a laissé là en partant = I'm sure he left it here when he left; soit par le ‘present perfect’: ils ont révisé les épreuves plusieurs fois = they have revised the proofs several timesavoir = verbe semi-auxiliaireDe même, avoir semi-auxiliaire dans les tournures attributives du type avoir le coeur malade/les genoux cagneux, se traduit de façon variable ( to be ou to have) selon la structure adoptée par l'anglais pour rendre ces tournures; voir, en l'occurrence, les entrées coeur et cagneux; mais c'est en général sous l'adjectif que ce problème est traitéavoir à + infinitifExprimant l'obligation ou la convenance, cette locution verbale se rend généralement par to have to suivi de l'infinitif: j'aurais à ajouter que... = I would have to add that...; tu auras à rendre compte de tes actes = you'll have to account for your actions; je n'ai pas à vous raconter ma vie = I don't have to tell you my life-story; vous n'aviez pas à le critiquer = you didn't have to criticize him; il n'a pas à te parler sur ce ton = he shouldn't speak to you in that tone of voice; j'ai beaucoup à faire = I have (ou I've got) a lot to do; tu n'as rien à faire? = don't you have (ou haven't you got GB) anything to do?; j'ai à faire un rapport/un rapport à faire = I have to write a report/a report to writeQuand cette locution équivaut à suffir, plusieurs possibilités de traduction se présentent: tu n'avais qu'à = tu aurais dû, elle se rend par should have suivi du participe passé; tu n'as qu'à leur écrire = you only have to (ou you've only got to GB, ou all you have to do is) write to them; tu n'auras que cinq minutes à attendre = you'll only have to wait five minutes; tu n'avais qu'à faire attention/me le dire/partir plus tôt = you should have paid attention/told me/left earlierOn trouvera sous assez, marre, etc les expressions figées en avoir assez, en avoir marre etc. Voir aussi les emplois avec il y a plus basL'anglais distingue généralement entre une tâche précise ( to take) et une activité ou absence indéterminée ( to be): vous en avez (ou aurez) pour combien de temps? (à faire ce travail) = how long will it take you?, (à me faire attendre) = how long are you going to be?; j'en ai pour cinq minutes (= je reviens dans...) = I'll be five minutes; je n'en ai pas pour longtemps = I won't be long; j'en ai eu pour deux heures = it took me two hoursSe traduit par to cost suivi du pronom personnel complément correspondant au pronom sujet français (voir aussi argent): j'en ai eu pour 500 francs = it cost me 500 francs; nous en aurons pour combien? = how much will it cost us?(sl) en avoir = to have balls (sl); ne pas en avoir = to have no balls (sl)il y a du lait dans le réfrigérateur = there's some milk in the fridge; il y a des souris/des araignées au grenier = there are mice/spiders in the attic; il n'y a pas/plus de riz = there's no/no more rice ou there isn't any/any more rice; il doit y avoir (ou il y aura) des souris dans le grenier = there must be mice in the attic; il n'y a pas eu moins de 50 concurrents = there were no less than 50 competitors; il y a chapeau et chapeau = there are hats and hats; il y aura Paul, Marie,... = there will be Paul, Marie,...; et il y aura Paul et Marie! = and Paul and Marie will be there!; il n'y a pas de raison de faire/que tu fasses = there's no reason to do/for you to do; il a dû y avoir quelque chose de grave = something serious must have happened; qu'est-ce qu'il y a? (qui ne va pas) = what's wrong?, (qui se passe) = what's going on?; il y a qu'elle m'énerve = she's getting on my nerves, that's what's wrong; il y a que l'ordinateur est en panne = the computer has broken downAttention, un mot singulier en français peut être traduit par un mot fonctionnant comme un pluriel en anglais: il y a beaucoup de monde = there are a lot of people; y avait-il du monde? = were there many people?il est venu il y a longtemps/cinq ans = he came a long time/five years ago; il y a cinq ans que j'habite ici = I have been living here for five years; il y aura cinq ans demain que j'ai pris ma retraite = it will be five years tomorrow since I retired; il y aura deux mois mardi que je travaille ici = I will have been working here for two months on Tuesday; il n'y a que deux mois que je suis/travaille ici = I have only been/been working here for two months; il n'y a pas cinq minutes qu'il est parti = he left less than five minutes ago; il n'y a pas 200 ans que l'espèce est éteinte = the species has been extinct for no more than 200 years; il y a combien de temps/d'années que tu habites ici? = how long/many years have you lived here?; il y a combien de temps/d'années qu'on ne s'est vus? = how long is it/many years has it been since we last met?Elle se fait généralement à l'aide du verbe to be: combien y a-t-il jusqu'à la gare/d'ici à la gare? = how far is it to the station/to the station from here?; combien y a-t-il encore jusqu'à la gare? = how much further is it to the station?; il y a 15 kilomètres jusqu'à/d'ici à la gare = the station is 15 kilometres [BrE] away/away from here; il y a au moins 15 kilomètres = it's at least 15 kilometres [BrE] away; il y a encore 15 kilomètres = it's another 15 kilometres [BrE]; il n'y a pas/que 200 mètres d'ici à la gare = it's less than/only 200 metres [BrE] from here to the stationil y a à + infinitifil y a à manger pour quatre = there's enough food for four; il y a (beaucoup) à faire = there's a lot to be done (ceci traduit également il y a de quoi faire); souligner le danger/l'avantage qu'il y a à faire = to stress how dangerous/advantageous it is to do; les risques qu'il y avait/aurait à faire = how risky it was/would be to do; il n'y a pas à hésiter/s'inquiéter = there's no need to hesitate/worry; il n'y a pas à discuter! = no arguments!; il n'y a qu'à le repeindre! - y a qu'à (colloq), c'est facile à dire! = all you have to do is repaint it! - just repaint it! easier said than done!L'existence se rend par there is/are, le temps par to take, et le coût par to cost ou to come to: il y en a qui n'ont pas peur du ridicule! = there are some people who aren't afraid of being ridiculed!; il y en a toujours pour se plaindre (ou qui se plaignent) = there's always someone who complains; il y en a (ou aura) pour deux heures = it'll take two hours; il y en a eu/aurait eu pour deux heures = it took/would have taken two hours; il n'y en a plus que pour deux heures = it'll only take another two hours; il y en a encore pour combien de temps? = how much longer will it take?; il y en a (ou aura) pour 200 francs = it'll cost (ou come to) 200 francs; il y en a eu pour 200 francs = it cost (ou came to) 200 francsNoter aussi: il n'y en a que pour leur chien = they only think of their dog ou their dog comes firstRemarque: certaines formes personnelles du verbe avoir sont équivalentes au présentatif il y a. En corrélation avec le relatif qui, elles ne se traduisent pas; directement suivies de l'objet présenté, elles se traitent comme il y a: j'ai mon stylo qui fuit = my pen is leaking; elle avait les larmes aux yeux = there were tears in her eyes; j'ai ma cicatrice qui me fait souffrir = my scar is hurting; à droite, vous avez une tapisserie d'Aubusson = on your right, there's an Aubusson tapestry* * *avwaʀ1. nm1) (= biens) assets pl2) COMMERCE (= note de crédit) credit2. vt1) (= posséder) to have, to have gotElle a 2 enfants. — She has 2 children., she has got 2 children
Elle a une belle maison. — She has a lovely house., She has got a lovely house.
Il a les yeux bleus. — He has blue eyes., He has got blue eyes.
Tu as de beaux cheveux. — You have beautiful hair., You have got beautiful hair.
Il a beaucoup d'amis. — He has a lot of friends., He has got a lot of friends.
2) (= obtenir) to get3) (= trouver)ici, vous avez la cuisine — here we have the kitchen
4) (= éprouver) [sensation, sentiment] to haveJ'avais un pressentiment. — I had a feeling.
Il a des démangeaisons. — He is itching.
J'ai une petite douleur ici. — I've got a slight pain here.
J'ai un drôle de pressentiment. — I have a funny feeling.
qu'est-ce que tu as?; qu'as-tu? — what's wrong?, what's the matter?
See:faim, peur, mal5) (âge)avoir 3 ans — to be 3 years old, to be 3
J'avais 10 ans quand je l'ai rencontré. — I was 10 when I met him.
6) * (= duper) to do *on vous a eu! — you've been done!, you've been had!
Vous n'avez qu'à lui demander. — You only have to ask him.
Tu n'as pas à me poser des questions. — It's not for you to ask me questions.
en avoir pour...; J'en ai pour une demi-heure. — It'll take me half an hour.
On en a eu pour 100 euros. — It cost us 100 euros.
3. vb auxJ'ai déjà mangé. — I've already eaten.
Il a mangé des frites. — He had some chips.
Hier je n'ai pas mangé. — I didn't eat yesterday.
Je lui ai parlé hier. — I spoke to him yesterday.
Il a neigé pendant la nuit. — It snowed during the night.
4. vb impers1) (présence)il y a (+ singulier) — there is, (+ pluriel) there are
Il y a quelqu'un à la porte. — There's somebody at the door.
Il y a un bon film à la télé. — There's a good film on TV.
Il y a des chocolats sur la table. — There are some chocolates on the table.
Il y a beaucoup de monde. — There are lots of people.
il doit y avoir; Il doit y avoir une explication. — There must be an explanation.
qu'est-ce qu'il y a?; qu'y a-t-il? — what's the matter?, what is it?
Il n'y a qu'à... — We will just have to...
Il n'y a qu'à partir plus tôt. — We'll just have to leave earlier.
Il ne peut y en avoir qu'un. — There can only be one.
2) (temporel)Je l'ai rencontré il y a 2 ans. — I met him 2 years ago.
Il y a 10 ans qu'il est arrivé. — It's 10 years since he arrived.
* * *I.avoir ⇒ Note d'usage verb table: avoir vtr1 ( obtenir) to get [objet, rendez-vous]; to catch [train, avion]; j'ai pu vous avoir votre visa I managed to get your visa for you; j'ai eu ce vase pour cinq euros I got this vase for five euros; pouvez-vous m'avoir un des traducteurs? can you get me one of the translators?; je n'ai pas eu mon train I didn't catch my train; il l'a eue◑ le soir même he had○ her that very evening;2 ( au téléphone) j'ai réussi à l'avoir I managed to get through to him/her; essayer d'avoir le ministre to try to get through to the minister; pouvez-vous m'avoir son adjoint/Hongkong can you put me through to ou get me his assistant/Hong Kong;3 ( porter) to wear, to have [sth] on; elle avait une robe bleue à son mariage she wore a blue dress at her wedding; elle a toujours une écharpe autour du cou she's always got a scarf round her neck; il avait un béret (sur la tête) he had a beret on ou he was wearing a beret;4 ○( triompher) to beat, to get○, to have; l'équipe de Marseille nous a eus the Marseilles team beat us; ne nous laissons pas avoir par la concurrence let's not let the competition beat us; cette fois-ci, on les aura this time, we'll get ou have them;5 ( duper) to have○; ( par malveillance) to con○; j'ai été eu I've been had○; il t'a bien eu! ( l'escroc) he conned○ you!; ( le plaisantin) he was having you on○! GB, he put one over on you○!; elle s'est fait or laissé avoir she's been had○; j'ai failli me faire avoir I was nearly conned○; je ne me laisserai pas avoir par un abruti○ I won't be conned○ by a moron;6 ( éprouver moralement) to feel; avoir du chagrin/de la haine to feel sorrow/hate; qu'est-ce que tu as? what's wrong ou the matter with you?; j'ai qu'il m'énerve he's getting on my nerves, that's what's wrong; qu'est-ce que tu as à crier comme ça? what are you shouting like that for?; j'ai que mon ordinateur ne marche pas because my computer doesn't work; qu'est-ce qu'il a à conduire comme ça? why is he driving like that?; il a qu'il est soûl because he's drunk, that's why;7 (servant à exprimer l'âge, des sensations physiques) j'ai 20 ans/faim/froid I am 20 years old/hungry/cold; la salle a 20 mètres de long the room is 20 metresGB long.en avoir○ to have balls◑; ne pas en avoir○ to have no balls◑.II.avoir nm2 ( possessions) assets (pl), holdings (pl); avoirs à l'étranger foreign assets ou holdings; avoirs en caisse cash holdings; avoirs en dollars dollar-based assets;avoir fiscal tax credit.I[avwar] nom masculin[en comptabilité] credit side2. ÉCONOMIE & FINANCEavoirs assets, holdingsavoirs numéraires ou en caisse cash holdingsII[avwar] verbe auxiliaireA.1. [avec des verbes transitifs]as-tu lu sa lettre? did you read ou have you read his letter?non content de les avoir humiliés, il les a jetés dehors not content with humiliating them, he threw them out2. [avec des verbes intransitifs]3. [avec le verbe 'être']il aurait été enchanté he would've ou would have been delightedB.1. [exprime la possibilité]a. [conseil] all they have to do ou all they've got to do is write to the managerb. [menace] just let them (try and) write to the managers'il vous manque quelque chose, vous n'avez qu'à me le faire savoir if you're missing anything, just let me know2. [exprime l'obligation]et voilà, je n'ai plus qu'à recommencer! so now I've got to start all over again!3. [exprime le besoin]il a à te parler he's got something to ou there's something he wants to tell youtu n'as pas à t'inquiéter you shouldn't worry, you have nothing to worry about4. (locution)————————[avwar] verbe transitifA.1. [être propriétaire de - action, bien, domaine etc.] to have, to own, to possess ; [ - chien, hôtel, voiture] to have, to owntu n'aurais pas un stylo en plus? have you got ou do you happen to have a spare pen?2. [ami, collègue, famille etc.] to haveavoir un/une/des... qui: elle a un mari qui fait la cuisine she's got the sort ou kind of husband who does the cookingavoir son/sa/ses... qui (familier) : j'ai la chaîne de mon vélo qui est cassée the chain on my bike is broken3. [détenir - permis de conduire, titre] to have, to hold ; [ - droits, privilège] to have, to enjoy ; [ - emploi, expérience, devoirs, obligations] to have ; [ - documents, preuves] to have, to possessavoir le ballon to be in possession of ou to have the ball[au téléphone] to get through toj'ai essayé de t'avoir toute la journée I tried to get through to you ou to contact you all day5. [jouir de - beau temps, bonne santé, liberté, bonne réputation] to have, to enjoy ; [ - choix, temps, mauvaise réputation] to haveil a tout pour lui et il n'est pas heureux! he's got everything you could wish for and he's still not happy!6. [recevoir chez soi]avoir de la famille/des amis à dîner to have relatives/friends over for dinnerbientôt, nous aurons les chaînes européennes soon, we'll be able to get the European channels8. [attraper - otage, prisonnier] to have10. [monter à bord de - avion, bus, train] to catchB.1. [présenter - tel aspect] to have (got)elle a un joli sourire she's got ou she has a nice smileton père a le défaut de ne pas écouter ce qu'on lui dit your father's weakness is not listening to what people tell him[avec pour complément une partie du corps] to havefaites attention, il a une arme careful, he's got a weapon ou he's armed3. [faire preuve de]avoir du talent to have talent, to be talentedayez la gentillesse de... would you ou please be kind enough to...4. [exprime la mesure] to bele voilier a 4 m de large ou largeur the yacht is 4 m widetu en as pour 12 jours/deux heures it'll take you 12 days/two hours5. [exprime l'âge] to beC.1. [subir - symptôme] to have, to show, to display ; [ - maladie, hoquet, mal de tête etc.] to have ; [ - accident, souci, ennuis] to have ; [ - difficultés] to have, to experience ; [ - opération] to undergo, to have ; [ - crise] to have, to go through (inseparable)avoir de la fièvre to have ou to be running a temperatureje ne sais pas ce que j'ai aujourd'hui I don't know what's the matter ou what's wrong with me todayle car n'a rien eu du tout, mais la moto est fichue (familier) there wasn't a scratch on the bus but the motorbike's a write-offun enfant/chaton qui a des vers a child/kitten with wormselle eut cette phrase devenue célèbre she said ou uttered those now famous words3. [ressentir]avoir faim to be ou to feel hungryavoir peur to be ou to feel afraidavoir du chagrin to feel ou to be sadavoir de l'amitié pour quelqu'un to regard ou to consider somebody as a friendavoir du respect pour quelqu'un to have respect for ou to respect somebodyce chien/cette guêpe en a après toi! this dog/wasp has got it in for you!en avoir après ou contre quelque chose to be angry about something4. [élaborer par l'esprit - avis, idée, suggestion] to haveD.1 500 euros pour ce buffet? tu t'es fait avoir! 1,500 euros for that dresser? you were conned ou had ou done!tu t'es fait avoir! you've been had ou taken in ou taken for a ride!tu essaies de m'avoir! you're having ou putting me on!————————il y a verbe impersonnel1. [dans une description, une énumération - suivi d'un singulier] there is ; [ - suivi d'un pluriel] there areil n'y a qu'ici qu'on en trouve this is the only place (where) you can find it/themmerci — il n'y a pas de quoi! thank you — don't mention it ou you're welcome!il n'y a rien à faire, la voiture ne démarre pas it's no good, the car won't startil n'y a pas à dire, il sait ce qu'il veut there's no denying he knows what he wantsqu'est-ce qu'il y a? — il y a que j'en ai marre! (familier) what's the matter? — I'm fed up, that's what!2. [exprimant la possibilité, l'obligation etc.]il n'y a qu'à lui dire you/we etc. just have to tell him3. [indiquant la durée]4. [indiquant la distance]il doit y avoir une raison there must be a ou some reason -
10 aumentar
v.1 to increase, to rise.aumentar la producción to increase productionla lente aumenta la imagen the lens magnifies the imageme han aumentado el sueldo my salary has been raisedaumentó casi 10 kilos he put on almost 10 kilosaumentar de peso/tamaño to increase in weight/sizeaumentar de precio to go up o increase in priceel desempleo aumentó en un 4 por ciento unemployment rose o increased by 4 percentEl ejercicio aumenta el apetito Exercising increases the appetite.Aumentaron los gastos The expenses increased.Nos aumentaron las ganancias este año Our profits increased this year.2 to magnify, to amplify.El reportero aumentó la noticia The reporter magnified the news story.3 to enlarge.Vamos a aumentar la casa We will enlarge the house.4 to raise, to improve.El movimiento aumentó la temperatura Movement raised the temperature.5 to increase the size of, to enlarge.* * *1 to augment, increase (precios) to put up; (producción) to step up2 (óptica) to magnify3 (fotos) to enlarge4 (sonido) to amplify1 to rise, go up1 to increase, be on the increase (precios) to go up, rise* * *verb1) to increase2) raise* * *1. VT1) [+ tamaño] to increase; (Fot) to enlarge; (Ópt) to magnify2) [+ cantidad] to increase; [+ precio] to increase, put up; [+ producción] to increase, step upme van a aumentar el sueldo — they are going to increase o raise my salary
3) [+ intensidad] to increase4) (Elec, Radio) to amplify2. VI1) [tamaño] to increase2) [cantidad, precio, producción] to increase, go upel número de asesinatos ha aumentado en 200 — the number of killings has increased o gone up by 200
este semestre aumentó la inflación en un 2% — inflation has increased o gone up by 2% over the last 6 months
3) [intensidad] to increasela crispación política aumenta por momentos — political tension is increasing o rising by the moment
4)aumentar de peso — [objeto] to increase in weight; [persona] to put on o gain weight
* * *1.verbo transitivoa) <precio/sueldo> to increase, raise; <cantidad/velocidad/tamaño> to increase; <producción/dosis> to increase, step up; dolor/miedo/tensión to increase2.el microscopio aumenta la imagen — the microscope enlarges o magnifies the image
aumentar vi temperatura/presión to rise; velocidad to increase; precio/producción/valor to increase, riseel niño aumentó 500 gramos — the child put on o gained 500 grams
aumentar de algo — de volumen/tamaño to increase in something
aumentó de peso — he put on o gained weight
* * *= accelerate, augment, become + large, enhance, enlarge, escalate, expand, grow + larger, increase, raise, rise, strengthen, accentuate, grow, add to, deepen, mushroom, intensify, wax, swell, pump up, bump up, step up, spike, crank up, ramp up, move it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch, ratchet up, amp up, turn up.Ex. In recent years, the pace of change has accelerated with the introduction of on-line information retrieval.Ex. These sources which form the basis of the intellectual selection of terms may be augmented by the machine selection of terms.Ex. If the number of categories becomes large, cross-references will be necessary between individual files.Ex. An introduction explaining the nature and scope of the indexing language will enhance its value.Ex. Here entry is made under the original author of an edition that has been revised, enlarged, updated, condensed, and so on by another person.Ex. Over the past two to three years the numbers of full text data bases and data banks has started to escalate considerably.Ex. As the quantity of knowledge expands the need to organise it becomes more pressing.Ex. As the system grows larger it's more difficult to maintain that control.Ex. Recall is inversely proportional to precision, and vice versa, or in other words, as one increases, the other must decrease.Ex. The speaker said that James estimated people function at only 20% of their capacity, and concluded that they could raise this percentage considerable if they knew how to manage their time more efficiently.Ex. If suppliers are forced out of business, there will be less software to lend and prices will rise with the lack of competition.Ex. He proposes a research agenda that could strengthen archival appraisal and the profession's ability to document society.Ex. However, future trends may tend to accentuate this division.Ex. No true reader can be expected to grow on a diet of prescribed texts only regardless of how well chosen they are.Ex. In addition, Britain has one of the most extensive bodies of legislation in the world, which is added to daily and encrusted with myriad rules and regulations.Ex. One of the effects of reading in children is that their appreciation of the processes and function of literature is deepened.Ex. The use of electronic mail systems has mushroomed in the last 5 years in industrialised nations.Ex. Whilst these achievements are commendable, there is a catch in them -- there can be used to 'intensify' the economic exploitation of women.Ex. The population waxed again slightly, then waned again, until it finally stabilized around its present 55,000.Ex. Reference work has been ill-served in the past by its expositors and theoreticians: its extensive literature of several hundred papers and books is swollen by a mass of the transient and the trivial.Ex. The article ' Pump up the program...' identifies the costs and benefits of undertaking a software upgrade.Ex. Most librarians will admit that they could probably increase the use made of their lending libraries and bump up their annual loans by stocking more romances and thrillers and fewer serious novels, but they do not do this.Ex. The intensity of marketing to schools and parents will have to be stepped up by publishers if they are to succeed in the more competitive market.Ex. Baby boomers are desperately trying to hold onto their salad days -- plastic surgery, vitamins and drugs like Viagra have spiked in public demand.Ex. Refiners are cranking up diesel output to meet rising global demand.Ex. EGND has hit a home run with the introduction of a new product line, increasing sales projections, and ramping up production schedules.Ex. Liverpool and Chelsea are grabbing all the headlines, but Arsenal have quietly moved it up a gear scoring 10 goals in their last three league games.Ex. Start gently, ease yourself in by breaking the workout down into three one minute sessions until you are ready to notch it up a gear and join them together.Ex. There was not much to separate the sides in the first ten minutes however Arsenal took it up a gear and got the goal but not without a bit of luck.Ex. We have a good time together and we're good friends.. but I'd like to take it up a notch.Ex. David quickly comprehended our project needs and then cranked it up a notch with impactful design.Ex. Went for a bike ride with a mate last week, no problems so will crank it up a gear and tackle some hills in the next few weeks.Ex. After a regular walking routine is established, why not move it up a notch and start jogging, if you haven't already.Ex. The health department has ratcheted up efforts to prevent or slow down the spread of swine flu in schools.Ex. In order to gain strength fast, you need to immediately begin amping up your strength thermostat in your mind.Ex. Cytokines are small proteins used to communicate messages between the immune cells in the immune system to either turn up or down the immune response.----* aumentar de importancia = grow in + importance, grow in + significance.* aumentar de tamaño = grow in + size, grow + larger, increase in + size.* aumentar de valor = increase in + value.* aumentar el conocimiento = expand + Posesivo + knowledge, deepen + awareness.* aumentar el control = tighten (up) + control.* aumentar el esfuerzo = increase + effort.* aumentar el precio = mark up + price, jack up + the price.* aumentar el presupuesto = add + monies to + budget.* aumentar en cantidad = increase in + quantity.* aumentar en número = grow in + numbers, increase in + numbers.* aumentar en variedad = grow in + kind.* aumentar la confusión = add to + the confusion.* aumentar la experiencia = deepen + experience.* aumentar la productividad = increase + productivity, boost + Posesivo + productivity.* aumentar las diferencias entre... y = widen + the gap between... and.* aumentar las posibilidades = increase + the odds.* aumentar las probabilidades = shorten + the odds.* aumentar las ventas = boost + sales.* aumentar la velocidad = grow + faster.* aumentar los costes = cost + rise.* aumentar los impuestos = increase + taxes.* aumentar los ingresos = boost + Posesivo + income.* aumentar rápidamente = snowball.* crisis + aumentar = crisis + deepen.* estar aumentando = be on the increase.* * *1.verbo transitivoa) <precio/sueldo> to increase, raise; <cantidad/velocidad/tamaño> to increase; <producción/dosis> to increase, step up; dolor/miedo/tensión to increase2.el microscopio aumenta la imagen — the microscope enlarges o magnifies the image
aumentar vi temperatura/presión to rise; velocidad to increase; precio/producción/valor to increase, riseel niño aumentó 500 gramos — the child put on o gained 500 grams
aumentar de algo — de volumen/tamaño to increase in something
aumentó de peso — he put on o gained weight
* * *= accelerate, augment, become + large, enhance, enlarge, escalate, expand, grow + larger, increase, raise, rise, strengthen, accentuate, grow, add to, deepen, mushroom, intensify, wax, swell, pump up, bump up, step up, spike, crank up, ramp up, move it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch, ratchet up, amp up, turn up.Ex: In recent years, the pace of change has accelerated with the introduction of on-line information retrieval.
Ex: These sources which form the basis of the intellectual selection of terms may be augmented by the machine selection of terms.Ex: If the number of categories becomes large, cross-references will be necessary between individual files.Ex: An introduction explaining the nature and scope of the indexing language will enhance its value.Ex: Here entry is made under the original author of an edition that has been revised, enlarged, updated, condensed, and so on by another person.Ex: Over the past two to three years the numbers of full text data bases and data banks has started to escalate considerably.Ex: As the quantity of knowledge expands the need to organise it becomes more pressing.Ex: As the system grows larger it's more difficult to maintain that control.Ex: Recall is inversely proportional to precision, and vice versa, or in other words, as one increases, the other must decrease.Ex: The speaker said that James estimated people function at only 20% of their capacity, and concluded that they could raise this percentage considerable if they knew how to manage their time more efficiently.Ex: If suppliers are forced out of business, there will be less software to lend and prices will rise with the lack of competition.Ex: He proposes a research agenda that could strengthen archival appraisal and the profession's ability to document society.Ex: However, future trends may tend to accentuate this division.Ex: No true reader can be expected to grow on a diet of prescribed texts only regardless of how well chosen they are.Ex: In addition, Britain has one of the most extensive bodies of legislation in the world, which is added to daily and encrusted with myriad rules and regulations.Ex: One of the effects of reading in children is that their appreciation of the processes and function of literature is deepened.Ex: The use of electronic mail systems has mushroomed in the last 5 years in industrialised nations.Ex: Whilst these achievements are commendable, there is a catch in them -- there can be used to 'intensify' the economic exploitation of women.Ex: The population waxed again slightly, then waned again, until it finally stabilized around its present 55,000.Ex: Reference work has been ill-served in the past by its expositors and theoreticians: its extensive literature of several hundred papers and books is swollen by a mass of the transient and the trivial.Ex: The article ' Pump up the program...' identifies the costs and benefits of undertaking a software upgrade.Ex: Most librarians will admit that they could probably increase the use made of their lending libraries and bump up their annual loans by stocking more romances and thrillers and fewer serious novels, but they do not do this.Ex: The intensity of marketing to schools and parents will have to be stepped up by publishers if they are to succeed in the more competitive market.Ex: Baby boomers are desperately trying to hold onto their salad days -- plastic surgery, vitamins and drugs like Viagra have spiked in public demand.Ex: Refiners are cranking up diesel output to meet rising global demand.Ex: EGND has hit a home run with the introduction of a new product line, increasing sales projections, and ramping up production schedules.Ex: Liverpool and Chelsea are grabbing all the headlines, but Arsenal have quietly moved it up a gear scoring 10 goals in their last three league games.Ex: Start gently, ease yourself in by breaking the workout down into three one minute sessions until you are ready to notch it up a gear and join them together.Ex: There was not much to separate the sides in the first ten minutes however Arsenal took it up a gear and got the goal but not without a bit of luck.Ex: We have a good time together and we're good friends.. but I'd like to take it up a notch.Ex: David quickly comprehended our project needs and then cranked it up a notch with impactful design.Ex: Went for a bike ride with a mate last week, no problems so will crank it up a gear and tackle some hills in the next few weeks.Ex: After a regular walking routine is established, why not move it up a notch and start jogging, if you haven't already.Ex: The health department has ratcheted up efforts to prevent or slow down the spread of swine flu in schools.Ex: In order to gain strength fast, you need to immediately begin amping up your strength thermostat in your mind.Ex: Cytokines are small proteins used to communicate messages between the immune cells in the immune system to either turn up or down the immune response.* aumentar de importancia = grow in + importance, grow in + significance.* aumentar de tamaño = grow in + size, grow + larger, increase in + size.* aumentar de valor = increase in + value.* aumentar el conocimiento = expand + Posesivo + knowledge, deepen + awareness.* aumentar el control = tighten (up) + control.* aumentar el esfuerzo = increase + effort.* aumentar el precio = mark up + price, jack up + the price.* aumentar el presupuesto = add + monies to + budget.* aumentar en cantidad = increase in + quantity.* aumentar en número = grow in + numbers, increase in + numbers.* aumentar en variedad = grow in + kind.* aumentar la confusión = add to + the confusion.* aumentar la experiencia = deepen + experience.* aumentar la productividad = increase + productivity, boost + Posesivo + productivity.* aumentar las diferencias entre... y = widen + the gap between... and.* aumentar las posibilidades = increase + the odds.* aumentar las probabilidades = shorten + the odds.* aumentar las ventas = boost + sales.* aumentar la velocidad = grow + faster.* aumentar los costes = cost + rise.* aumentar los impuestos = increase + taxes.* aumentar los ingresos = boost + Posesivo + income.* aumentar rápidamente = snowball.* crisis + aumentar = crisis + deepen.* estar aumentando = be on the increase.* * *aumentar [A1 ]vt1 ‹precio› to increase, raise, put up; ‹sueldo› to increase, raise; ‹cantidad/velocidad/tamaño› to increase; ‹producción/dosis› to increase, step upel microscopio aumenta la imagen the microscope enlarges o magnifies the imageno hizo más que aumentar su dolor/miedo all it did was increase her pain/fearesto aumentó la tensión this added to o increased the tension2 ‹puntos› (en tejido) to increase■ aumentarvi«temperatura» to rise; «presión» to rise, increase; «velocidad» to increase; «precio/producción/valor» to increase, riseel niño aumentó 500 gramos the child put on o gained 500 gramssu popularidad ha aumentado his popularity has grown, he has gained in popularityel costo de la vida aumentó en un 3% the cost of living rose by 3%la dificultad de los ejercicios va aumentando the exercises get progressively more difficultaumentará el frío durante el fin de semana it will become colder over the weekendaumentar DE algo to increase IN sthaumentó de volumen/tamaño it increased in volume/sizeha aumentado de peso he's put on o gained weight* * *
aumentar ( conjugate aumentar) verbo transitivo
‹precio/sueldo› to increase, raiseb) (Opt) to magnify
verbo intransitivo [temperatura/presión] to rise;
[ velocidad] to increase;
[precio/producción/valor] to increase, rise;
aumentar de algo ‹de volumen/tamaño› to increase in sth;
aumentó de peso he put on o gained weight
aumentar
I verbo transitivo to increase
Fot to enlarge
Ópt to magnify
II vi (una cantidad) to go up, rise
(de valor) to appreciate
' aumentar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alargar
- engordar
- explorar
- separar
- separarse
- doblar
- elevar
- multiplicar
- redoblar
English:
add to
- appreciate
- augment
- boost
- build up
- deepen
- efficiency
- enhance
- escalate
- gain
- grow
- heighten
- improve
- increase
- intensify
- jack up
- jump
- magnify
- mark up
- mount
- odds
- put up
- quantity
- raise
- rise
- snowball
- step up
- surge
- swell
- up
- add
- develop
- go
- put
- soar
- strengthen
* * *♦ vtto increase;aumentar la producción to increase production;los enfrentamientos aumentaron la tensión en la zona the clashes increased the tension in the zone;me han aumentado el sueldo my salary has been increased o raised;la lente aumenta la imagen the lens magnifies the image;aumentó casi 10 kilos he put on almost 10 kilos♦ vi[temperatura, precio, gastos, tensión] to increase, to rise; [velocidad] to increase;aumentar de tamaño to increase in size;aumentar de precio to go up o increase in price;el desempleo aumentó en un 4 por ciento unemployment rose o increased by 4 percent;con lo que come, no me sorprende que haya aumentado de peso it doesn't surprise me that he's put on weight, considering how much he eats* * *I v/t increase; precio increase, raise, put up* * *aumentar vtacrecentar: to increase, to raiseaumentar vi: to rise, to increase, to grow* * *aumentar vb1. (hacer subir) to increase / to raise -
11 един
1. (бройно число) oneедин на хиляда one in a thousandедна трета one thirdедин единствен a single, only oneедин път onceедин единствен път just onceедин от нас/тях и т. н. one of us/them etc.един номер по-голям/по-малък the next larger/smaller size2. (същ.отделен човек, нещо) one, one thingмн.ч. someвсички като един (човек) like one manте извикаха като един they cried out in one voice/as one manедин иска да ходи на кино, друг не иска some want to go to the cinema, some don'tедно и също нещо the same thingедно знам one thing I do knowтой едно си знае he's always harping on the same stringедно говоря, друго върша play fast and looseедно от двете one or the other3. (неопределително мест.) a, an, a certainмн.ч. someимало едно време един дядо и една баба once upon a time there was an old man and an old womanедин писател казал a certain writer has saidтрябваш ми по една работа I need you about something4. (прил. еднакъв, същ) the sameедин и същ one and the sameние сме от един град we come from the same townние сме на едни години we are of the same ageте са на едно мнение they are of the same opinion5. (прил. единствен, сам) only, aloneедин господ знае God only knowsедно (на първо място) firstly, firstедно, че..., и друго for one thing... for anotherедно време once upon a timeедин вид (тъй да се каже) so to sayвсе ми е едно it's all the same to me, I don't mindвсе едно it's all the same, it's all oneедин през друг helter-skelter, pell mellнашата е една things are pretty bad with us, our's is a sorry plight indeedнастанали са едни времена times have never been so bad, we've come upon evil daysедно след друго in a rowбързо едно след друго in quick/rapid succession, thick and fastдесет пъти едно след друго ten times overедно-друго за ядене/носене н т. н. something to eat/to carry etc., a few thingsедно на друго all together, taking one thing with anotherедин друг each other, one anotherот едното влиза, от другото излиза in at one ear and out at the other, it glances off him like water off a duck's back* * *едѝн,числ., една̀, едно̀, еднѝ 1. бройно числ. one; \един-два, \един-двама one or two; \един-единствен a single, only one; \един-единствен път just once; \един на хиляда one in a thousand; \един номер по-голям/по-малък the next larger/smaller size; \един по \един one at a time, one by one, one after another; \един път once;2. като същ. ( отделен човек, нещо) one, one thing; мн. some; дойде \един и почна да ми разправя a man came to me and began telling me; \един иска да ходи на кино, друг не иска some want to go to the cinema, some don’t; едно говоря, друго върша play fast and loose; нито \един nobody, no one; те извикаха като \един they cried out in one voice/as one man; той едно си знае he’s always harping on the same string;3. неопр. мест. a, an, a certain; мн. some;5. прил. ( единствен, сам) only, alone; \един Господ знае God only knows; • бързо едно след друго in quick/rapid succession, thick and fast; все ми е едно it’s all the same to me, I don’t mind; десет пъти едно след друго ten times over; \един вид ( тъй да се каже) so to say; \един друг each other, one another; \един през друг helter-skelter, pell mell; едно (на първо място) firstly, first; едно време once upon a time; едно на друго all together, taking one thing with another; едно, че …, и друго for one thing … for another; и ти си \един you’re a pretty sort of fellow, you’re a fine fellow/one; настанали са едни времена times have never been so bad, we’ve come upon evil days; нашата е една things are pretty bad with us; от едното влиза, от другото излиза in at one ear and out at the other, it glances off him like water off a duck’s back; то пък \един поет he is not much of a poet.* * *either (от двама); one: един in a thousand - един на хиляда; the same* * *1. (бройно число) one 2. (неопределително мест.) a, an, a certain 3. (прил.: единствен, сам) only, alone 4. (прил.: еднакъв, същ) the same 5. (същ.отделен човек, нещо) one, one thing 6. ЕДИН -два, ЕДИН -двама one or two 7. ЕДИН вид (тъй да се каже) so to say 8. ЕДИН господ знае God only knows 9. ЕДИН друг each other, one another 10. ЕДИН единствен а single, only one 11. ЕДИН единствен път just once 12. ЕДИН за всички, всички за ЕДИН one for all and all for one 13. ЕДИН и същ one and the same 14. ЕДИН иска да ходи на кино, друг не иска some want to go to the cinema, some don't 15. ЕДИН номер по-голям/по-малък the next larger/smaller size 16. ЕДИН от нас/тях и т. н. one of us/them etc. 17. ЕДИН писател казал a certain writer has said 18. ЕДИН по ЕДИН one at a time, one by one, one after another 19. ЕДИН през друг helter-skelter, pell mell 20. ЕДИН път once 21. бързо едно след друго in quick/ rapid succession, thick and fast 22. все едно it's all the same, it's all one 23. все ми е едно it's all the same to me, I don't mind 24. всички като ЕДИН (човек) like one man 25. десет пъти едно след друго ten times over 26. дойде ЕДИН и почна да ми разправя а man came to me and began telling me 27. един на хиляда one in a thousand 28. една трета one third 29. едно (на първо място) firstly, first 30. едно време once upon a time 31. едно говоря, друго върша play fast and loose 32. едно знам one thing I do know 33. едно и също нещо the same thing 34. едно на друго all together, taking one thing with another 35. едно от двете one or the other 36. едно след друго in a row 37. едно, че..., и друго for one thing... for another 38. едно-друго за ядене/носене н т. н. something to eat/to carry etc., a few things 39. и ти си ЕДИН you're a pretty sort of fellow, you're a fine fellow/one 40. изкарах ЕДИН сън I had a nap 41. имало едно време ЕДИН дядо и една баба once upon a time there was an old man and an old woman 42. мн.ч. some 43. настанали са едни времена times have never been so bad, we've come upon evil days 44. нашата е една things are pretty bad with us, our's is a sorry plight indeed 45. ние сме на едни години we are of the same age 46. ние сме от ЕДИН град we come from the same town 47. нито ЕДИН nobody, no one 48. нито ЕДИН not one, not one/a single 49. от едното влиза, от другото излиза in at one ear and out at the other, it glances off him like water off a duck's back 50. те извикаха като ЕДИН they cried out in one voice/as one man 51. те са на едно мнение they are of the same opinion 52. то пък ЕДИН артист he is not much of an artist 53. той едно си знае he's always harping on the same string 54. трябваш ми по една работа I need you about something -
12 grande
adj.1 big, large.este traje me está o me queda grande this suit is too big for meun gran artista a great artistel gran favorito the firm favoriteuna gran figura a big nameuna gran parte de mi trabajo implica… a large part of my job involves…una gran responsabilidad a heavy responsibilitya lo grande in a big way, in stylegrandes almacenes department storeGran Bretaña Great Britainel Gran Cañón the Grand Canyongran danés great Danegran éxito smash (hit) (disco, libro)los Grandes Lagos the Great Lakesla Gran Muralla (China) the Great Wall (of China)el gran público the general public2 old (de edad). (Mexican Spanish, River Plate)3 fantastic(informal). ( River Plate)4 magnus, Mag, magnum.5 grand, formidable, majestical, stately.m.grandee (noble).* * *► adjetivo1 (tamaño) large, big2 (fuerte, intenso) great3 (mayor) grown-up, old, big1 (de elevada jerarquía) great\a lo grande on a grand scale, in a big wayestar grande una cosa a alguien to be too big on somebodypasarlo en grande familiar to have a great timevivir a lo grande figurado to live in style* * *adj.1) big2) large3) great* * *1. ADJ( antes de sm sing gran)1) [de tamaño] big, large; [de estatura] big, tall; [número, velocidad] high, greatviven en una casa muy grande — they live in a very big o large house
¿cómo es de grande? — how big o large is it?, what size is it?
en cantidades más grandes — in larger o greater quantities
grandísimo — enormous, huge
un esfuerzo grandísimo — an enormous effort, a huge effort
¡grandísimo tunante! — you old rogue!
hacer algo a lo grande — to do sth in style, make a splash doing sth *
2) (=importante) [artista, hazaña] great; [empresa] bighay una diferencia no muy grande — there is not a very big o great difference
3) (=mucho, muy) greatse estrenó con gran éxito — it was a great success, it went off very well
4) [en edad](=mayor)ya eres grande, Raúl — you are a big boy now, Raúl
¿qué piensas hacer cuando seas grande? — what do you want to do when you grow up?
5)¡qué grande! — Arg * how funny!
2. SMF1) (=personaje importante)2) LAm (=adulto) adult3. SF1) Arg [de lotería] first prize, big prize2) And ** (=cárcel) clink **, jail* * *I1)a) ( en dimensiones) large, big; <boca/nariz> bigb) ( en demasía) too bigme queda or me está grande — it's too big for me
quedarle grande a alguien — puesto/responsabilidad to be too much for somebody
2) ( alto) tall3) (Geog)4) ( en edad)los más grandes pueden ir solos — the older o bigger ones can go on their own
5) (delante del n)a) (notable, excelente) greatun gran hombre/vino — a great man/wine
b) ( poderoso) big6)a) (en intensidad, grado) greatme llevé un susto más grande...! — I got such a fright!
una temporada de gran éxito — a very o a highly successful season
b) ( uso enfático)7)la gran parte or mayoría de los votantes — the great o vast majority of the voters
b) ( elevado)a gran velocidad — at high o great speed
en grande: lo pasamos en grande — we had a great time (colloq)
•IImasculino, femenino1) (de la industria, el comercio) big o leading name2)a) ( mayor)quiero ir con los grandes — I want to go with the big boys/girls
b) ( adulto)•* * *= vast [vaster -comp., vastest -sup.], big [bigger -comp., biggest -sup.], bulky, considerable, deep [deeper -comp., deepest -sup.], extensive, great [greater -comp., greatest -sup.], heavy [heavier -comp., heaviest -sup.], high [higher -comp., highest -sup.], huge, large [larger -comp., largest -sup.], large scale [large-scale], tremendous, wide [wider -comp., widest -sup.], goodly [goodlier -comp., goodliest -sup.], abysmal, heavyweight [heavy weight], broad [broader -comp., broadest -sup.], of the highest order.Ex. If you add to this other access points, such as collections housed in old people's homes or day centres, prisons, hospitals, youth clubs, playgroups etc the coverage is vast.Ex. Fiction is a big item for children and also just for ordinary public library users.Ex. Like all enumerative schedules, the LC schedules are bulky, extending to some 8000 pages.Ex. The need to become familiar with different command languages for different hosts is a considerable barrier to effective retrieval.Ex. The world's largest processing department's plans and policies are always of deep interest.Ex. The minutely detailed classification is of the type appropriate to an extensive collection.Ex. Clearly, great variations can be expected between different indexing languages for different databases.Ex. In fact, the area was well served by a very good neighbourhood advice centre which had a heavy workload of advice and information-giving.Ex. Lower specificity will be associated with lower precision but high recall.Ex. A user searching for Smith's 'History as Argument' who was not sure under which subject it would be entered, would have to prowl through a huge number of cards in a card catalog to find the entry under SMITH.Ex. Serial searching for a string of characters is usually performed on a small subset of a large file.Ex. It is in the development of such large-scale services that problems are seen most acutely.Ex. There has been tremendous growth in libraries since then, but, fundamentally, it has been possible to build on the foundation that nineteenth-century heroes constructed.Ex. The method is sufficiently flexible to allow for wide modifications.Ex. However, we must not forget the book which the critics acclaim and which also sells in goodly numbers.Ex. The major problem encountered in encouraging young adults to use public libraries is the abysmal lack of specialist young adult librarians = El principal problema que se encuentra para es incentivar a los jóvenes a usar las bibliotecas públicas es la enorme falta de bibliotecarios especialistas en temas relacionados con los adolescentes.Ex. Heavyweight information technology firms such as IBM are appearing in the market and challenging traditional players.Ex. In 'upper town' streets are broad, quiet, and tree-shaded; the homes are tall and heavy and look like battleships, each anchored in its private sea of grass.Ex. I've got to tell you, and I do say this affectionately, but we're talking about a geek of the highest order.----* a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.* a gran escala = large scale [large-scale], massive, on a wide scale, high-volume, wide-scale, on a broad scale, in a big way, on a grand scale.* a gran velocidad = at great speed.* a lo grande = in a big way, big time, grandly, on a grand scale.* armar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.* a un gran coste = at (a) great expense.* avanzar con gran dificultad = grind on.* bastante grande = largish.* calabacín grande = marrow, marrow squash.* causar una gran sensación = make + a splash.* causar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.* causar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons, make + a splash.* celebrar a lo grande = make + a song and dance about.* con gran capacidad = capacious.* con gran colorido = brightly coloured.* con gran densidad de población = densely populated.* con gran dificultad = with great difficulty.* con gran esplendor = grandly.* con gran iluminación = brightly illuminated.* con gran motivación = highly-motivated.* con gran sentimiento = earnestly.* conseguir en gran medida + Infinitivo = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.* contribuir en gran medida a + Infinitivo = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio, go far in + Gerundio, go far towards + Gerundio.* con una gran cultura = well-read.* con una gran diferencia = by a huge margin.* con una gran tradición = long-standing.* con un gran número de lectores = widely-read.* con un gran suspiro = with a deep sigh.* convertirse en un gran problema = grow to + a crisis.* correr un gran riesgo = play (for) + high stakes.* crear con gran destreza = craft.* dar un gran paso adelante = reach + milestone.* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.* de gran belleza = scenic.* de gran calibre = high-calibre.* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.* de gran corazón = big-hearted.* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.* de gran formato = oversized.* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].* de gran influencia = seminal.* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.* de gran lujo = top-class.* de gran potencia = high-powered.* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.* de gran talento = talented.* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.* de gran venta = high selling.* demasiado grande = oversized.* describir a grandes rasgos = paint + a broad picture.* desplazarse grandes distancias = travel + long distances.* ejercer una gran influencia en = play + a strong hand in.* el gran hermano = big brother.* el todo es más grande que la suma de sus partes = the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.* empresa de grandes derroches = high roller.* en gran cantidad = prodigiously.* en grandes cantidades = en masse, in good number, in bulk.* en grandes números = in record numbers, in record numbers.* en gran formato = oversize, oversized.* en gran medida = by and large, extensively, greatly, heavily, largely, to a considerable extent, to a high degree, to a large extent, tremendously, vastly, very much, to a great extent, in no small way, to any great degree, in many ways, in large part, in large measure, in no small measure, to a large degree, to a great degree.* en gran número = numerously.* en gran parte = largely, in large part, in large measure, for the most part, to a great extent, to a great degree.* en un gran aprieto = in dire straits.* en un gran apuro = in dire straits.* esperar una (gran) sorpresa = be in for a (big) surprise.* expresión típica de Gran Bretaña = Briticism.* extra grande = extra-large.* gestión de grandes extensiones para la cría de ganado = range management.* gran altura = high altitude.* gran aumento = heavy increase.* gran bebedor = heavy drinker.* gran belleza = scenic beauty.* Gran Bretaña = Britain, Great Britain.* gran calidad = high standard.* gran cantidad de = large crop of, mass of.* gran categoría = high standard.* gran cosa = big deal.* gran danés = Great Dane.* Gran Depresión, la = Depression, the, Great Depression, the.* grandes almacenes = department store.* grandes cantidades de = storerooms of, huge numbers of, huge numbers of, great numbers of.* grandes escritores, los = great imaginative writers, the.* grandes robles nacen de pequeñas bellotas = great oaks from little acorns grow.* grandes sumas de dinero = vast sums of money.* grande superficie = shopping mall, shopping complex, shopping centre.* grandes y pequeños = great and small.* grande y tenebroso = cavernous.* gran ducado = grand-duchy.* gran espectáculo = extravaganza.* gran extensión de tierra dedicada a la cría de animales de pasto = rangeland.* gran grupo = constellation.* gran mentira = big fat lie.* gran nivel = high standard.* gran número de = great numbers of.* gran pantalla de televisión = large-screen television.* gran parte = much.* gran parte de = much of.* gran peso = heavy weight.* gran placer = great pleasure.* gran potencia = great power.* gran salto adelante = giant leap, great leap forward.* gran tiburón blanco = great white shark.* gran titular = headline banner.* hacer grandes esfuerzos por = take + (great) pains to.* hacer grandes progresos = make + great strides.* hacer un gran esfuerzo = go out of + Posesivo + way to + Infinitivo.* hacer un gran negocio = make + a killing.* IGE (Integración a Gran Escala) = LSI (Large Scale Integration).* influir en gran medida = become + a force.* jaula grande para pájaros = aviary.* jugador de grandes apuestas = high roller.* la Gran Manzana = the Big Apple.* la gran mayoría de = the vast majority of, the bulk of.* levantar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.* llevarse una (gran) sorpresa = be in for a (big) surprise.* lo suficientemente grande = large enough, big enough.* más grande = greater.* muy grande = big time.* Nombre + a gran escala = broad scale + Nombre.* no ser gran cosa = not add up to much, add up to + nothing.* no ser una gran pérdida = be no great loss.* no significar gran cosa = not add up to much.* no suponer gran cosa = not add up to much.* no valer gran cosa = be no great shakes.* pago único y bien grande = fat lump sum.* para + Posesivo + gran sorpresa = much to + Posesivo + surprise.* pasarlo a lo grande = have + a ball, have + a whale of a time.* pasarlo en grande = have + a ball, have + a whale of a time.* pasárselo en grande = enjoy + every minute of, love + every minute of it.* Pedro el Grande = Peter the Great.* pensar a lo grande = think + big.* Pie Grande = Bigfoot, Sasquatch.* por un gran margen = by a huge margin.* producir con gran destreza = craft.* provocar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.* provocar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.* que le presta gran importancia a la cultura = culture-conscious.* recorrer grandes distancias = travel + long distances.* revista que tiene una gran demanda popular = mass-market journal.* ser de gran ayuda para = be a boon to.* ser de gran beneficio para = be of great benefit to.* ser una gran ayuda = be a tower of strength.* ser un gran alivio = be a welcome relief.* ser un gran apoyo = be a tower of strength.* ser un gran avance = be half the battle.* ser un gran paso adelante = be half the battle.* taza grande = mug.* tener en gran estima = have + a very high regard for.* tener gran éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.* tener gran importancia = be of high significance.* tener gran repercusión = be far reaching.* tener una gran tradición = have + a long ancestry.* tener un gran impacto = have + a big impact.* tomar un gran riesgo = play (for) + high stakes.* una gran cantidad de = a good deal of, a great deal of, a large degree of, a mass of, a plethora of, a supply of, a vast amount of, a city of, a wealth of, a sea of, a cascade of, an army of, a good many, a huge number of, a great number of, a multitude of, scores of, a host of, a vast corpus of, a whole host of.* una gran cantidad y variedad de = a wealth and breadth of.* una gran diversidad de = a wide range of, a broad variety of, a wide variety of, a broad range of.* una gran experiencia = a wealth of experience.* una gran extensión de = a sea of.* una gran gama de = a wide range of, a rich tapestry of, a wide band of, a broad variety of, a wide variety of, a broad range of, a whole gamut of.* una gran mayoría de = a large proportion of.* una gran parte de = a broad population of, a lion's share of.* una gran pérdida = a great loss.* una gran proporción de = a large proportion of.* una gran variedad de = a wide range of, a multiplicity of, a rich tapestry of, a plurality of, a broad variety of, a broad range of, a whole gamut of.* un gran espectro de = a wide band of.* un gran número de = a good deal of, a great deal of, a plethora of, a wide range of, a full roster of, a fair number of, a great number of, a broad variety of, a wide variety of, a broad range of, a vast corpus of.* un gran repertorio de = an arsenal of, an armoury of [armory].* un gran volumen de = a vast corpus of.* venirle Algo grande a Alguien = get + too big for + Posesivo + breeches.* WAN (red de gran alcance) = WAN (wide area network).* * *I1)a) ( en dimensiones) large, big; <boca/nariz> bigb) ( en demasía) too bigme queda or me está grande — it's too big for me
quedarle grande a alguien — puesto/responsabilidad to be too much for somebody
2) ( alto) tall3) (Geog)4) ( en edad)los más grandes pueden ir solos — the older o bigger ones can go on their own
5) (delante del n)a) (notable, excelente) greatun gran hombre/vino — a great man/wine
b) ( poderoso) big6)a) (en intensidad, grado) greatme llevé un susto más grande...! — I got such a fright!
una temporada de gran éxito — a very o a highly successful season
b) ( uso enfático)7)la gran parte or mayoría de los votantes — the great o vast majority of the voters
b) ( elevado)a gran velocidad — at high o great speed
en grande: lo pasamos en grande — we had a great time (colloq)
•IImasculino, femenino1) (de la industria, el comercio) big o leading name2)a) ( mayor)quiero ir con los grandes — I want to go with the big boys/girls
b) ( adulto)•* * *= vast [vaster -comp., vastest -sup.], big [bigger -comp., biggest -sup.], bulky, considerable, deep [deeper -comp., deepest -sup.], extensive, great [greater -comp., greatest -sup.], heavy [heavier -comp., heaviest -sup.], high [higher -comp., highest -sup.], huge, large [larger -comp., largest -sup.], large scale [large-scale], tremendous, wide [wider -comp., widest -sup.], goodly [goodlier -comp., goodliest -sup.], abysmal, heavyweight [heavy weight], broad [broader -comp., broadest -sup.], of the highest order.Ex: If you add to this other access points, such as collections housed in old people's homes or day centres, prisons, hospitals, youth clubs, playgroups etc the coverage is vast.
Ex: Fiction is a big item for children and also just for ordinary public library users.Ex: Like all enumerative schedules, the LC schedules are bulky, extending to some 8000 pages.Ex: The need to become familiar with different command languages for different hosts is a considerable barrier to effective retrieval.Ex: The world's largest processing department's plans and policies are always of deep interest.Ex: The minutely detailed classification is of the type appropriate to an extensive collection.Ex: Clearly, great variations can be expected between different indexing languages for different databases.Ex: In fact, the area was well served by a very good neighbourhood advice centre which had a heavy workload of advice and information-giving.Ex: Lower specificity will be associated with lower precision but high recall.Ex: A user searching for Smith's 'History as Argument' who was not sure under which subject it would be entered, would have to prowl through a huge number of cards in a card catalog to find the entry under SMITH.Ex: Serial searching for a string of characters is usually performed on a small subset of a large file.Ex: It is in the development of such large-scale services that problems are seen most acutely.Ex: There has been tremendous growth in libraries since then, but, fundamentally, it has been possible to build on the foundation that nineteenth-century heroes constructed.Ex: The method is sufficiently flexible to allow for wide modifications.Ex: However, we must not forget the book which the critics acclaim and which also sells in goodly numbers.Ex: The major problem encountered in encouraging young adults to use public libraries is the abysmal lack of specialist young adult librarians = El principal problema que se encuentra para es incentivar a los jóvenes a usar las bibliotecas públicas es la enorme falta de bibliotecarios especialistas en temas relacionados con los adolescentes.Ex: Heavyweight information technology firms such as IBM are appearing in the market and challenging traditional players.Ex: In 'upper town' streets are broad, quiet, and tree-shaded; the homes are tall and heavy and look like battleships, each anchored in its private sea of grass.Ex: I've got to tell you, and I do say this affectionately, but we're talking about a geek of the highest order.* a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.* a gran escala = large scale [large-scale], massive, on a wide scale, high-volume, wide-scale, on a broad scale, in a big way, on a grand scale.* a gran velocidad = at great speed.* a lo grande = in a big way, big time, grandly, on a grand scale.* armar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.* a un gran coste = at (a) great expense.* avanzar con gran dificultad = grind on.* bastante grande = largish.* calabacín grande = marrow, marrow squash.* causar una gran sensación = make + a splash.* causar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.* causar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons, make + a splash.* celebrar a lo grande = make + a song and dance about.* con gran capacidad = capacious.* con gran colorido = brightly coloured.* con gran densidad de población = densely populated.* con gran dificultad = with great difficulty.* con gran esplendor = grandly.* con gran iluminación = brightly illuminated.* con gran motivación = highly-motivated.* con gran sentimiento = earnestly.* conseguir en gran medida + Infinitivo = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.* contribuir en gran medida a + Infinitivo = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio, go far in + Gerundio, go far towards + Gerundio.* con una gran cultura = well-read.* con una gran diferencia = by a huge margin.* con una gran tradición = long-standing.* con un gran número de lectores = widely-read.* con un gran suspiro = with a deep sigh.* convertirse en un gran problema = grow to + a crisis.* correr un gran riesgo = play (for) + high stakes.* crear con gran destreza = craft.* dar un gran paso adelante = reach + milestone.* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.* de gran belleza = scenic.* de gran calibre = high-calibre.* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.* de gran corazón = big-hearted.* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.* de gran formato = oversized.* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].* de gran influencia = seminal.* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.* de gran lujo = top-class.* de gran potencia = high-powered.* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.* de gran talento = talented.* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.* de gran venta = high selling.* demasiado grande = oversized.* describir a grandes rasgos = paint + a broad picture.* desplazarse grandes distancias = travel + long distances.* ejercer una gran influencia en = play + a strong hand in.* el gran hermano = big brother.* el todo es más grande que la suma de sus partes = the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.* empresa de grandes derroches = high roller.* en gran cantidad = prodigiously.* en grandes cantidades = en masse, in good number, in bulk.* en grandes números = in record numbers, in record numbers.* en gran formato = oversize, oversized.* en gran medida = by and large, extensively, greatly, heavily, largely, to a considerable extent, to a high degree, to a large extent, tremendously, vastly, very much, to a great extent, in no small way, to any great degree, in many ways, in large part, in large measure, in no small measure, to a large degree, to a great degree.* en gran número = numerously.* en gran parte = largely, in large part, in large measure, for the most part, to a great extent, to a great degree.* en un gran aprieto = in dire straits.* en un gran apuro = in dire straits.* esperar una (gran) sorpresa = be in for a (big) surprise.* expresión típica de Gran Bretaña = Briticism.* extra grande = extra-large.* gestión de grandes extensiones para la cría de ganado = range management.* gran altura = high altitude.* gran aumento = heavy increase.* gran bebedor = heavy drinker.* gran belleza = scenic beauty.* Gran Bretaña = Britain, Great Britain.* gran calidad = high standard.* gran cantidad de = large crop of, mass of.* gran categoría = high standard.* gran cosa = big deal.* gran danés = Great Dane.* Gran Depresión, la = Depression, the, Great Depression, the.* grandes almacenes = department store.* grandes cantidades de = storerooms of, huge numbers of, huge numbers of, great numbers of.* grandes escritores, los = great imaginative writers, the.* grandes robles nacen de pequeñas bellotas = great oaks from little acorns grow.* grandes sumas de dinero = vast sums of money.* grande superficie = shopping mall, shopping complex, shopping centre.* grandes y pequeños = great and small.* grande y tenebroso = cavernous.* gran ducado = grand-duchy.* gran espectáculo = extravaganza.* gran extensión de tierra dedicada a la cría de animales de pasto = rangeland.* gran grupo = constellation.* gran mentira = big fat lie.* gran nivel = high standard.* gran número de = great numbers of.* gran pantalla de televisión = large-screen television.* gran parte = much.* gran parte de = much of.* gran peso = heavy weight.* gran placer = great pleasure.* gran potencia = great power.* gran salto adelante = giant leap, great leap forward.* gran tiburón blanco = great white shark.* gran titular = headline banner.* hacer grandes esfuerzos por = take + (great) pains to.* hacer grandes progresos = make + great strides.* hacer un gran esfuerzo = go out of + Posesivo + way to + Infinitivo.* hacer un gran negocio = make + a killing.* IGE (Integración a Gran Escala) = LSI (Large Scale Integration).* influir en gran medida = become + a force.* jaula grande para pájaros = aviary.* jugador de grandes apuestas = high roller.* la Gran Manzana = the Big Apple.* la gran mayoría de = the vast majority of, the bulk of.* levantar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.* llevarse una (gran) sorpresa = be in for a (big) surprise.* lo suficientemente grande = large enough, big enough.* más grande = greater.* muy grande = big time.* Nombre + a gran escala = broad scale + Nombre.* no ser gran cosa = not add up to much, add up to + nothing.* no ser una gran pérdida = be no great loss.* no significar gran cosa = not add up to much.* no suponer gran cosa = not add up to much.* no valer gran cosa = be no great shakes.* pago único y bien grande = fat lump sum.* para + Posesivo + gran sorpresa = much to + Posesivo + surprise.* pasarlo a lo grande = have + a ball, have + a whale of a time.* pasarlo en grande = have + a ball, have + a whale of a time.* pasárselo en grande = enjoy + every minute of, love + every minute of it.* Pedro el Grande = Peter the Great.* pensar a lo grande = think + big.* Pie Grande = Bigfoot, Sasquatch.* por un gran margen = by a huge margin.* producir con gran destreza = craft.* provocar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.* provocar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.* que le presta gran importancia a la cultura = culture-conscious.* recorrer grandes distancias = travel + long distances.* revista que tiene una gran demanda popular = mass-market journal.* ser de gran ayuda para = be a boon to.* ser de gran beneficio para = be of great benefit to.* ser una gran ayuda = be a tower of strength.* ser un gran alivio = be a welcome relief.* ser un gran apoyo = be a tower of strength.* ser un gran avance = be half the battle.* ser un gran paso adelante = be half the battle.* taza grande = mug.* tener en gran estima = have + a very high regard for.* tener gran éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.* tener gran importancia = be of high significance.* tener gran repercusión = be far reaching.* tener una gran tradición = have + a long ancestry.* tener un gran impacto = have + a big impact.* tomar un gran riesgo = play (for) + high stakes.* una gran cantidad de = a good deal of, a great deal of, a large degree of, a mass of, a plethora of, a supply of, a vast amount of, a city of, a wealth of, a sea of, a cascade of, an army of, a good many, a huge number of, a great number of, a multitude of, scores of, a host of, a vast corpus of, a whole host of.* una gran cantidad y variedad de = a wealth and breadth of.* una gran diversidad de = a wide range of, a broad variety of, a wide variety of, a broad range of.* una gran experiencia = a wealth of experience.* una gran extensión de = a sea of.* una gran gama de = a wide range of, a rich tapestry of, a wide band of, a broad variety of, a wide variety of, a broad range of, a whole gamut of.* una gran mayoría de = a large proportion of.* una gran parte de = a broad population of, a lion's share of.* una gran pérdida = a great loss.* una gran proporción de = a large proportion of.* una gran variedad de = a wide range of, a multiplicity of, a rich tapestry of, a plurality of, a broad variety of, a broad range of, a whole gamut of.* un gran espectro de = a wide band of.* un gran número de = a good deal of, a great deal of, a plethora of, a wide range of, a full roster of, a fair number of, a great number of, a broad variety of, a wide variety of, a broad range of, a vast corpus of.* un gran repertorio de = an arsenal of, an armoury of [armory].* un gran volumen de = a vast corpus of.* venirle Algo grande a Alguien = get + too big for + Posesivo + breeches.* WAN (red de gran alcance) = WAN (wide area network).* * *A1 (en dimensiones) large, bigse mudaron a una casa más grande they moved to a larger o bigger housesus grandes ojos negros her big dark eyesun tipo grande, ancho de hombros a big, broad-shouldered guytiene la boca/nariz grande she has a big mouth/noseabra la boca más grande open wider2 (en demasía) too big¿esto será grande para Daniel? do you think this is too big for Daniel?estos zapatos me quedan or me están grandes these shoes are too big for mequedarle or ( Esp) venirle grande a algn «puesto/responsabilidad» to be too much for sbB (alto) tall¡qué grande está Andrés! isn't Andrés tall!, hasn't Andrés gotten* tall!C ( Geog):el Gran Buenos Aires/Bilbao Greater Buenos Aires/BilbaoD1( esp AmL) ‹niño/chico› (en edad): los más grandes pueden ir solos the older o bigger ones can go on their ownya eres grande y puedes comer solito you're a big boy now and you can feed yourselfcuando sea grande quiero ser bailarina when I grow up I want to be a ballet dancermis hijos ya son grandes my children are all grown up now2está saliendo con un tipo grande she's going out with an older guyE ( delante del n)1 (notable, excelente) greatun gran hombre/artista/vino a great man/artist/winela gran dama del teatro the grande dame of the theater2 (poderoso) biglos grandes bancos/industriales the big banks/industrialistslos grandes señores feudales the great feudal lordsa lo grande in style3(en importancia): son grandes amigos they're great friendsgrandes fumadores heavy smokersF ( fam)(increíble): ¡qué cosa más grande! ¡ya te he dicho 20 veces que no lo sé! this is unbelievable! I've told you 20 times already that I don't know!¿no es grande que ahora me echen la culpa a mí? ( iró); and now they blame me; great, isn't it? ( iro)G1 (en intensidad, grado) greatme causó una gran pena it caused me great sadnessme has dado una gran alegría you have made me very happycomió con gran apetito she ate hungrily o heartilyun día de gran calor a very hot daylos grandes fríos del 47 the great o big freeze of '47me llevé un susto más grande … I got such a frightpara mi gran vergüenza to my great embarrassmentse produjo una gran explosión there was a powerful explosiones un gran honor para mí it is a great honor* for meha sido una temporada de gran éxito it has been a very o a highly successful seasonno corre gran prisa it is not very urgentlas paredes tienen gran necesidad de una mano de pintura the walls are very much in need of a coat of paint2(uso enfático): eso es una gran verdad that is absolutely o very trueeres un grandísimo sinvergüenza you're a real swine ( colloq)ésa es la mentira más grande que he oído that's the biggest lie I've ever heardH1 (en número) ‹familia› large, big; ‹clase› bigla gran mayoría de los votantes the great o vast majority of the votersdedican gran parte de su tiempo a la investigación they devote much of o a great deal of their time to researchesto se debe en gran parte a que … this is largely due to the fact that …2(elevado): a gran velocidad at high o great speedvolar a gran altura to fly at a great heightun edificio de gran altura a very tall buildingun gran número de personas a large number of peopleobjetos de gran valor objects of great valueen grande: lo pasamos or nos divertimos en grande we had a great time ( colloq)Compuestos:masculine wide-angle lensel gran capital big businessmasculine Great Danela Gran Depresión the Great Depression( Astron): la gran explosión the Big Bangla Gran Guerra the Great Warmasculine Big Brotherel gran hermano te observa or te vigila Big Brother is watching youmasculine Grand Mastermasculine grand mastermasculine international grand masterfeminine grand operamasculine Grand Prixel gran público the general publicel gran simpático the sympathetic nervous systemmpl department storemasculine, feminineA (de la industria, el comercio) big o leading name, leading playeruno de los tres grandes de la industria automovilística one of the big three names o one of the big three in the car industryB ( esp AmL)1(mayor): quiero ir con los grandes I want to go with the big boys/girlsla grande ya está casada their eldest (daughter) is already married2 (adulto) grown-upCompuesto:(Spanish) grandee o nobleman( RPl)la grande the big prize, the jackpotsacarse la grande (literal) to win the big prize o the jackpotse sacó la grande con ese marido she hit the jackpot with that husband* * *
grande adjetivo◊ gran is used before singular nouns
1
unos grande almacenes a department store
‹ clase› big;
la gran parte or mayoría the great majority
2
◊ ¡qué grande está Andrés! isn't Andrés tall!b) ( en edad):
ya son grandes they are all grown up now
3 (Geog):
4 ( delante del n)
a lo grande in style
5
‹ explosión› powerful;◊ ¡me llevé un susto más grande … ! I got such a fright!;
una temporada de gran éxito a very o a highly successful season;
son grandes amigos they're great friends;
eso es una gran verdad that is absolutely true;
¡qué mentira más grande! that's a complete lie!b) ( elevado):◊ a gran velocidad at high o great speed;
volar a gran altura to fly at a great height;
un gran número de personas a large number of people;
objetos de gran valor objects of great value;
en grande: lo pasamos en grande we had a great time (colloq)
■ sustantivo masculino, femeninoa) ( mayor):
b) ( adulto):
grande adjetivo
1 (tamaño) big, large
grandes almacenes, department stores
2 (cantidad) large
3 fig (fuerte, intenso) great: es un gran músico, he is a great musician
♦ Locuciones: a lo grande, in style
figurado pasarlo en grande, to have a great time
' grande' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abarcar
- alfombra
- ampliar
- ampliación
- armatoste
- así
- bastante
- bestial
- bloque
- buena
- bueno
- cabezón
- cabezona
- cabezudo
- cajón
- calabacín
- campeonato
- cantidad
- canto
- ciudad
- colosal
- consideración
- fenomenal
- formidable
- gran
- hermosa
- hermoso
- incalculable
- ingeniosa
- ingenioso
- mía
- mío
- monstruosa
- monstruoso
- monumental
- nuestra
- nuestro
- pila
- puerta
- quedar
- señor
- suficientemente
- suma
- sumo
- terraza
- tirada
- tremenda
- tremendo
- venir
- bailar
English:
abnormally
- above
- ample
- army
- awful
- bag
- baggy
- bay
- big
- boat
- border
- box
- breaker
- brush
- bulk
- carve
- cauldron
- cushion
- deposit
- enough
- extend
- grand
- great
- grow
- hers
- in
- integrate
- large
- lion
- manufacturer
- marrow
- mighty
- mine
- outrank
- overgrown
- paving stone
- place
- roller
- set on
- set upon
- slight
- spanking
- style
- tablespoonful
- tea urn
- temptation
- terrific
- time
- to
- tub
* * *♦ adj1. [de tamaño] big, large;el gran Buenos Aires/Santiago greater Buenos Aires/Santiago, the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires/Santiago;Figel cargo le viene grande he's not up to the job;Fampagó con un billete de los grandes he paid with a large notegrandes almacenes department store; Fot gran angular wide-angle lens;la Gran Barrera de Coral the Great Barrier Reef;Gran Bretaña Great Britain;el Gran Cañón (del Colorado) the Grand Canyon;gran danés Great Dane;Hist la Gran Depresión the Great Depression;gran ducado grand duchy;la Gran Explosión the Big Bang;la Gran Guerra the Great War;los Grandes Lagos the Great Lakes;gran maestro [en ajedrez] grand master;Hist Gran Mogol Mogul;la Gran Muralla (China) the Great Wall (of China);Dep Gran Premio Grand Prix; Hist el Gran Salto Adelante the Great Leap Forward;gran simio antropoide great ape;gran slam [en tenis] grand slam;Esp Com gran superficie hypermarket2. [de altura] tall;¡qué grande está tu hermano! your brother's really grown!3. [en importancia] great;una gran mujer a great woman;los grandes bancos the major banks;la gran mayoría está a favor del proyecto the great o overwhelming majority are in favour of the project;el éxito se debe en gran parte a su esfuerzo the success is largely due to her efforts, the success is in no small measure due to her efforts4. [en intensidad] great;es un gran mentiroso he's a real liar;¡qué alegría más grande! what joy!me dijeron que todavía no soy grande como para salir solo they told me I'm not big enough to go out on my own yetsiempre se llevó bien con gente más grande he always got on well with older peopleayer le hice un favor y hoy me vuelve la espalda, ¡grande! great! I did him a favour and now he doesn't want to know!9. CompFamhacer algo a lo grande to do sth in a big way o in style;vivir a lo grande to live in style;pasarlo en grande to have a great time♦ nm1. [noble] grandeeGrande de España = one of highest-ranking members of Spanish nobility2. [persona, entidad importante]uno de los grandes del sector one of the major players in the sector;los tres grandes de la liga the big three in the league;uno de los grandes de la literatura mexicana one of the big names in Mexican literature♦ nfRP [en lotería] first prize, jackpot;se sacó la grande con ese trabajo [tuvo buena suerte] she hit the jackpot with that job;con esa nuera que tiene le tocó la grande [tuvo mala suerte] you've got to feel sorry for her having a daughter-in-law like that♦ interjRP Fam [fantástico] great!* * *I adj1 big, large;me viene grande the jacket is too big for me;el cargo le viene grande the job is too much for him2:a lo grande in style;pasarlo en grande have a great timeII m/f1 L.Am. ( adulto) grown-up, adult;grandes y pequeños young and old2 ( mayor) eldest* * *1) : large, bigun libro grande: a big book2) alto: tall3) notable: greatun gran autor: a great writercon gran placer: with great pleasure5) : old, grown-uphijos grandes: grown children* * *grande adj¿es muy grande el jardín? is the garden very big?2. (número, cantidad) large3. (importante) great -
13 much
comparative of; see moremuch adj pron muchodid it rain much? ¿llovió mucho?Se emplea sobre todo en las frases negativas e interrogativas, en las frases afirmativas se emplea a lottr[mʌʧ]1 mucho,-a■ why is there so much traffic? ¿por qué hay tanto tráfico?■ how much money have you got? ¿cuánto dinero tienes?1 mucho■ how much is it? ¿cuánto vale?■ we don't see much of each other nos vemos poco, no nos vemos muy a menudo1 mucho\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLa bit much un poco demasiado, un poco excesivo,-ait is as much as somebody can do to... apenas..., a duras penas...much as (although) por mucho que + subjto be much the same ser más o menos igual, ser más o menos igualesnot to be much of a... no ser muy buen,-na...■ he's not much of a singer no es muy buen cantante, no canta muy biennot to be much good at something no ser muy bueno,-a en algothat's not saying much eso no significa gran cosa, eso no es mucho decirto make much of something dar mucha importancia a algoto not be up to much no valer gran cosawithout so much as sin siquieraI'm much happier: estoy mucho más contentashe talks as much as I do: habla tanto como yoit has much validity: tiene mucha valideztoo much time: demasiado tiempomuch pron: mucho, -chaI don't need much: no necesito muchoadj.• asaz adj.• mucho, -a adj.adv.• casi adv.• con mucho adv.• mucho adv.• muy adv.• más o menos adv.n.• mucho s.m.pron.• mucho pron.
I mʌtʃadjective mucho, -cha$2 too much — 2 dólares de más
without much effort — sin mucho or sin demasiado esfuerzo
too much coffee/water — demasiado café/demasiada agua
how much coffee/milk? — ¿cuánto café/cuánta leche?
II
pronoun mucho, -chawhat do you think of the new boss? - not much — (colloq) ¿qué te parece el nuevo jefe? - no gran cosa (fam)
do you see much of the Smiths? — ¿ves mucho a los Smith?, ¿ves a menudo a los Smith?
she won, though not by much o (BrE also) though there wasn't much in it — ganó, pero por poco
how much does it cost? — ¿cuánto cuesta?
much of the day — gran parte or la mayor parte del día
I thought/suspected as much — (ya) me lo figuraba
if you so much as touch him, I'll kill you! — como le llegues a poner la mano encima, te mato
so much for true love! — pues si eso es amor...! (iró)
it's a bit much! — ya es demasiado!, es pasarse un poco! (fam)
III
1)a) ( to large extent) muchoit is snowing, but not much — está nevando, pero poco or no mucho
b) ( often) muchoshe doesn't get out as much as she used to — no sale tanto como antes or como solía
2) (before adj, adv) muchothis church is much the larger of the two — de las dos iglesias ésta es, con mucho, la más grande
3) (more or less, approximately)[mʌtʃ]1.ADJ muchothere isn't much time — no tenemos mucho tiempo, tenemos poco tiempo
•
I haven't got as much energy as you — no tengo tanta energía como tú•
how much sugar do you want? — ¿cuánto azúcar quieres?•
so much tea — tanto té•
very much — muchowe haven't very much time — no tenemos mucho tiempo, tenemos poco tiempo
•
without much money — sin mucho dinero2. ADV1) (=a lot) mucho; (before pp) muyit doesn't much matter, it doesn't matter much — no importa mucho
I much regret that... — siento mucho que...
he's much richer than I am or than me — es mucho más rico que yo
•
much as I would like to go — a pesar de que me gustaría mucho ir, aunque me gustaría mucho irmuch as I like him — aunque or a pesar de que me gusta mucho
much as he hated the idea... — a pesar de lo que odiaba la idea...
much as I respect her ideas, I still think she's wrong — a pesar de que respeto mucho sus ideas or aunque respeto mucho sus ideas, creo que está equivocada
•
however much he tries — por mucho que se esfuerce•
I hardly know her, much less her mother — apenas la conozco, y mucho menos a su madre•
not much — no mucho•
thank you (ever) so much — muchísimas gracias, muy agradecido•
much though I like him — por mucho que él me gustemuch though he hated the idea, he knew that... — a pesar de lo que odiaba la idea, sabía que...
he had reservations about the scheme, much though he valued Alison's opinions — tenía sus dudas respecto al plan, a pesar de que valoraba mucho las opiniones de Alison
•
much to my astonishment — para gran sorpresa mía•
he talks too much — habla demasiado•
very much — mucho2) (=by far) con mucho3) (=more or less) más o menos, casi3.PRON muchobut much remains to be done — pero queda mucho que or por hacer
•
you've got as much as she has — tienes tanto como ellait can cost as much as $2,000 — puede llegar a costar 2.000 dólares
•
that's a bit much! * — ¡eso es demasiado!•
there isn't much in it — (between alternatives) no hay mucha diferencia, no va mucho de uno a otro•
how much is it a kilo? — ¿cuánto vale el kilo?how much does it cost? — ¿cuánto cuesta?
she won but there wasn't much in it — ganó, pero no por mucho
•
she's not much to look at — físicamente no vale mucho•
to make much of sth — dar mucha importancia a algo•
much of this is true — gran parte de esto es verdadI'm not much of a musician — sé muy poco de música, entiendo poco de música
•
we spent so much — gastamos tanto•
that's too much — eso es demasiado* * *
I [mʌtʃ]adjective mucho, -cha$2 too much — 2 dólares de más
without much effort — sin mucho or sin demasiado esfuerzo
too much coffee/water — demasiado café/demasiada agua
how much coffee/milk? — ¿cuánto café/cuánta leche?
II
pronoun mucho, -chawhat do you think of the new boss? - not much — (colloq) ¿qué te parece el nuevo jefe? - no gran cosa (fam)
do you see much of the Smiths? — ¿ves mucho a los Smith?, ¿ves a menudo a los Smith?
she won, though not by much o (BrE also) though there wasn't much in it — ganó, pero por poco
how much does it cost? — ¿cuánto cuesta?
much of the day — gran parte or la mayor parte del día
I thought/suspected as much — (ya) me lo figuraba
if you so much as touch him, I'll kill you! — como le llegues a poner la mano encima, te mato
so much for true love! — pues si eso es amor...! (iró)
it's a bit much! — ya es demasiado!, es pasarse un poco! (fam)
III
1)a) ( to large extent) muchoit is snowing, but not much — está nevando, pero poco or no mucho
b) ( often) muchoshe doesn't get out as much as she used to — no sale tanto como antes or como solía
2) (before adj, adv) muchothis church is much the larger of the two — de las dos iglesias ésta es, con mucho, la más grande
3) (more or less, approximately) -
14 groß
big; tall; great; large; grand; heavyset* * *[groːs]1. ADJEKTIVcomp ordm;er ['grøːsɐ] superl ordm;te(r, s) ['grøːstə]1) big; Fläche, Raum, Haus, Hände big, large; Höhe, Breite great; Größe, Tube, Dose, Packung etc large; (TYP ) Buchstabe capitalein ganz großes Haus/Buch — a great big house/book
der große ( Uhr)zeiger — the big or minute hand
x ist größer als 10 (Math) — x is greater than 10
ein 2 Hektar großes Grundstück — a 2-hectare plot of land
ein Loch größer machen — to make a hole bigger
ein großes Bier, ein Großes (inf) — ≈ a pint (of beer) (Brit), a large beer
die große Masse (fig) — the vast majority
2) = hoch, hochgewachsen taller ist 1,80 Meter groß — he's one metre (Brit) or meter (US) eighty (tall)
unsere Große — our eldest or oldest (daughter); (von zweien) our elder daughter
unser Großer — our eldest or oldest ( son); (von zweien) our elder son
mit etw groß geworden sein — to have grown up with sth
er ist ein großes Kind — he's a big or a great big (inf) baby
4) zeitlich Verzögerung, Rede big, longdie große Pause (Sch) — the long or lunch break
die großen Ferien — the summer holidays (Brit) or holiday (US)
5) = beträchtlich, wichtig, bedeutend great; Erfolg, Enttäuschung, Hoffnung, Eile great, big; Gewinn, Ereignis big; Katastrophe, Schreck terrible; Summe large; Geschwindigkeit higher hat Großes geleistet — he has achieved great things
die größten Erfindungen unseres Jahrhunderts — the greatest inventions of our century
ein großer Dichter wie Goethe — a great poet like Goethe
eine große Dummheit machen — to do something very or really stupid
er ist kein großer Esser (inf) — he's not a big eater
eine der größeren Firmen — one of the major companies
die großen Fragen unserer Zeit — the great or big questions of our time
das große Ganze — the broader or wider view
vor meinem Haus war or herrschte ein großer Lärm — there was a lot of noise outside my house
ich habe große Lust zu verreisen — I'd really like to go away (on holiday (Brit) or vacation (US))
sie hatte große Lust, sich zu verkleiden — she really wanted to get dressed up
einen großen Namen haben — to be a big name
ich bin kein großer Redner (inf) — I'm no great speaker
ich bin kein großer Opernfreund (inf) — I'm not a great opera fan
im größten Regen/Schneesturm — in the middle of a downpour/snowstorm
große Worte machen — to use grand words
6) = großartig, bewundernswert iro greatdas ist or finde ich ganz groß (inf) — that's really great (inf)
7) in Eigennamen GreatAlfred/Friedrich der Große — Alfred/Frederick the Great
8) MUS2. ADVERBcomp ordm; er, superl am ordm;ten1)groß machen (baby-talk) — to do number two (baby-talk), to do a poo (Brit baby-talk)
groß daherreden (inf) — to talk big (inf)
See:2)3)was ist das schon groß? (inf) — big deal! (inf), so what? (inf)
was soll man da schon groß machen/sagen? (inf) — what can you do/say?
er hat sich nicht gerade groß für unsere Belange eingesetzt (inf) — he didn't exactly put up a big fight for us
ich habe mich nie groß um Politik gekümmert (inf) — I've never been a great one for politics (inf)
ich kümmere mich nicht groß darum (inf) — I don't take much notice
ganz groß rauskommen (inf) — to make the big time (inf)
* * *1) (large in size: a big car.) big2) (very large, larger etc than average: a great crowd of people at the football match.) great3) (great in size, amount etc; not small: a large number of people; a large house; a large family; This house is too large for two people.) large4) (fairly large: His income is quite sizeable, now that he has been promoted.) sizeable5) ((of people and thin or narrow objects such as buildings or trees) higher than normal: a tall man/tree.) tall6) ((of people) having a particular height: John is only four feet tall.) tall7) (great or large: He won by a wide margin.) wide* * *<größer, größte>[ˈgro:s]I. adjin \großen/größeren Formaten/Größen in large/larger formats/sizes2. (hoch aufragend) longein \großer Kirchturm/Mast/Turm a high church steeple/pylon/tower3. (hoch gewachsen) Mensch talldu bist \groß geworden you've grownwie \groß bist du? how tall are you?er ist 1,78 m \groß he is 5 foot 10 [or 1.78m] [tall]ein \großer Baum/eine \große Vase a tall tree/vaseauf \große[r] Fahrt on a long journeydie \große Pause SCH mid-morning break5. (älter) big, elder, olderdas ist Anita, unsere G\große this is Anita, our eldestwenn ich \groß bin... when I'm grown up...mein \großer Bruder/meine \große Schwester my elder brother/my elder sisterG\groß und Klein young and old [alike]6. (mengenmäßig)im G\großen einkaufen to buy in bulkdie \große Masse most [or the majority] of the peopleein \großer Teil der Bevölkerung a large part of the population7. (erheblich, beträchtlich) greatwas für eine \große Freude! how delightful!du redest ganz \großen Unsinn you're talking complete rubbishwas ist denn das für ein \großer Lärm auf der Straße? what's all that noise in the street?macht doch nicht so einen \großen Lärm! don't make so much noise!\große Angst haben to be terribly afraid [or frightened]ein \großer Aufstieg a meteoric riseeine \große Beeinträchtigung a major impairmentein \großer Betrag a large amounteine \große Dummheit sheer stupidityein \großer Durchbruch/Reinfall a major breakthrough/disastereine \große Enttäuschung a great [or deep] [or profound] disappointmentmit \großer Geschwindigkeit at high [or great] speed\großen Hunger haben to be terribly hungry\großes Leid great [or deep] [or profound] sorrowein \großer Misserfolg an abject [or a dismal] failure\große Nachfrage a big demandeine \große Preissteigerung a massive price rise [or increase]ein \großer Schrecken a nasty fright\große Schwierigkeiten serious [or real] trouble\große Wut unbridled fury\großer Zorn deep [or profound] anger8. (bedeutend) greatetwas/nichts G\großes something/nothing greatsie hat in ihrem Leben nichts G\großes geleistet she never achieved anything great [or major] in her life, she did not achieve great things in her lifemit diesem Gemälde hat sie etwas G\großes geschaffen she has created something great [or profound] with this paintingein \großer Konzern/ein \großes Unternehmen a leading [or major] group/company9. (besonders gut) bigim Meckern ist sie ganz \groß she's quite good at moaningich bin kein \großer Esser/Trinker I'm not a big eater/drinkerich bin kein \großer Redner I'm no [or not a] great speaker10. (in Eigennamen)▪ ... der G\große... the GreatFriedrich der G\große Frederick the Great11. (großes Glas) large, bignach den drei \großen Bier war ich ziemlich angeheitert I felt quite merry fam [or fam tipsy] after three pints [of beer]12.▶ im G\großen und Ganzen [gesehen] on the whole, by and largeich habe nur \großes Geld I haven't any change on me; s.a. kleinII. advwas ist da jetzt schon \groß dabei! big deal! famer hat sich aber nicht gerade \groß für uns eingesetzt! he didn't exactly do very much [or put himself out much] for us!was soll man da schon \groß sagen? you can't really say very muchich habe mich nie \groß für Politik interessiert I've never been particularly interested in politics\groß einsteigen to go in for sth in a big waysie ist ganz \groß in die Politik eingestiegen she's gone into politics in a big way2. (von weitem Ausmaß)\groß angelegt large-scaleeine \groß angelegte Offensive a full-scale offensive [or attack3. MODE4. (nicht klein)5.* * *1.größer, größt... Adjektiv1) big; big, large <house, window, area, room, etc.>; large < pack, size, can, etc.>; great <length, width, height>; tall < person>große Eier/Kartoffeln — large eggs/potatoes
eine große Terz/Sekunde — (Musik) a major third/second
ein großes Bier, bitte — a pint, please
2) (eine bestimmte Größe aufweisend)1 m2/2 ha groß — 1 m2/2 ha in area
sie ist 1,75 m groß — she is 1.75 m tall
doppelt/dreimal so groß wie... — twice/three times the size of...
3) (älter) big <brother, sister>seine größere Schwester — his elder sister
unsere Große/unser Großer — our eldest or oldest daughter/son
4) (erwachsen) grown-up <children, son, daughter>[mit etwas] groß werden — grow up [with something]
die Großen — (Erwachsene) the grown-ups; (ältere Kinder) the older children
Groß und Klein — old and young [alike]
5) (lange dauernd) long, lengthy <delay, talk, explanation, pause>die großen Ferien — (Schulw.) the summer holidays or (Amer.) long vacation sing.
die große Pause — (Schulw.) [mid-morning] break
große Summen/Kosten — large sums/heavy costs
eine große Auswahl — a wide selection or range
7) (außerordentlich) great <pleasure, pain, hunger, anxiety, hurry, progress, difficulty, mistake, importance>; intense <heat, cold>; high < speed>ihre/seine große Liebe — her/his great love
ein großer Augenblick/Tag — a great moment/day
große Worte — grand or fine words
die Großen [der Welt] — the great figures [of our world]
die große Dame/den großen Herrn spielen — (iron.) play the fine lady/gentleman
10) (bedeutend) great, major < artist, painter, work>Katharina die Große — Catherine the Great; s. auch Karl
11) (wesentlich)die große Linie/der große Zusammenhang — the basic line/the overall context
in großen Zügen od. Umrissen — in broad outline
im Großen [und] Ganzen — by and large; on the whole
ein großes Herz haben — be great-hearted
13) (ugs.): (großspurig)2.1)groß geschrieben werden — (fig. ugs.) be stressed or emphasized
groß machen — (Kinderspr.) do number two (child lang.)
2) (ugs.): (aufwendig)3) (ugs.): (besonders) greatly; particularly4) (ugs.): (großartig)sie steht ganz groß da — she has made it big (coll.) or made the big time (coll.)
* * *A. adj1. big (besonders gefühlsbetont); Haus, Fläche etc: large; Land: vast; Baum, Gebäude etc: (hoch) tall; (riesig) huge; Person: tall;ein großes Gebäude a big(, tall) building;der Große Ozean GEOG the Pacific (Ocean);die Großen Seen GEOG the Great Lakes;große Zehe big toe;großer Buchstabe capital letter;Gut mit großem G good with a capital G;wir sprechen hier von Geiz mit einem großen G fig, pej we’re talking about meanness with a capital M here;groß machen/müssen kinderspr do/have to do big jobs2. an Ausmaß, Intensität, Wert etc: great; Fehler, Lärm, Unterschied etc: auch big; Entfernung: great, long; Geschwindigkeit: high; Hitze, Kälte, Schmerzen etc: intense; Kälte: auch severe; Verlust: heavy; Wissen: extensive, wide; (tief) profound; MUS, Intervall, Terz: major; Angeber, Angsthase, Feigling etc: terrible, dreadful;wir waren zu Hause eine große Familie we were a large family;große Ferien summer holiday(s), long vacation;zu meiner großen Freude to my great joy ( oder pleasure);wie komme ich an das große Geld? umg how do I get into the big money?;großes Glück haben be very lucky;großen Hunger haben be very hungry; stärker: be starving;große Mehrheit great majority;große Pause long (mid-morning) break;ein Fest im großen Rahmen a celebration on the grand scale;große Schritte machen make great progress;zum großen Teil largely, for the most part;3. mit Maßangabe:wie groß ist er? how tall is he?;er ist … groß he’s … (tall); das Grundstückist 600 m2groß is 600 metres (US -ers) square;gleich groß Personen: the same height, as tall as each other; Flächen, Kleidungsstücke etc: the same size;so groß wie ein Fußballfeld the size of a football pitch (US soccer field);war dreimal so groß wie der der Konkurrenz was three times that of our rivalsgroße Schwester big sister;groß werden Kinder: grow up;zu groß werden für outgrow sth, get too big for;er ist nur ein großes Kind he’s just a big baby;Groß und Klein young and old5. fig Augenblick, Entdeckung, Erfolg, Tag, Tat etc: great; (bedeutend) major, important; (großartig) grand, magnificent; Pläne, Ziele: great, grand, big; Künstler, Dichter etc: great;große Worte big words;Friedrich der Große Frederick the Great;Karl der Große Charlemagne;die große Dame/den großen Herrn spielen iron play the great lady/lord;große Reden schwingen iron talk big;Groß und Klein standesmäßig: high and low6. (allgemein, wesentlich) broad, general;den großen Zusammenhang erkennen see the big picture;im großen Ganzen overall;in großen Zügen in broad outline7. umg (gut):das war ganz groß! that was really great!;große Klasse she’s really good ( oder she’s brilliant) at arithmetic;im Angeben/Geldausgeben ist er (ganz) groß iron he’s very good at showing off/spending money;ich bin kein großer Freund von Partys/Suppe I’m not a great one for parties/soup, I’m not particularly fond of parties/soup;er ist ein großer Schweiger/kein großer Esser he’s not a great talker/eater8. (edel):in großer Aufmachung Bericht etc: prominently featured, splashed across the page; Person: in full dress;B. adv1. big;groß gedruckt in large letters ( oder print);groß gemustert with a large pattern;groß kariert large-checked;er sah mich nur groß an he just stared at me;groß und breit dastehen umg, unübersehbar: stand out; stärker: stick out like a sore thumb; → auch großschreiben, großgebaut etc2. (aufwändig):groß angelegt Aktion etc: large-scale, full-scale;groß ausgehen umg have a real night out;jemanden/etwas groß herausbringen umg pull out all the stops for sb/sth, give sb/sth a tremendous build-up3. umg:groß auftreten act big;groß daherreden talk big5. (gut):groß in Form in great form;beim Publikum groß ankommen be a big hit with the audience;ganz groß dastehen (Erfolg haben) do brilliantly6. umg:er kümmert sich nicht groß darum he doesn’t really bother about it;was ist schon groß dabei? so what?, US auch (so) what’s the big deal?;was gibt es da groß zu sagen? what can you say?;was gibt’s da noch groß zu fragen? is there really anything more we need to ask?;was kann das schon groß kosten? it can’t be very expensive, can it?;was war los? -was soll schon groß gewesen sein? what do you think happened?* * *1.größer, größt... Adjektiv1) big; big, large <house, window, area, room, etc.>; large <pack, size, can, etc.>; great <length, width, height>; tall < person>große Eier/Kartoffeln — large eggs/potatoes
eine große Terz/Sekunde — (Musik) a major third/second
ein großes Bier, bitte — a pint, please
1 m2/2 ha groß — 1 m2/2 ha in area
sie ist 1,75 m groß — she is 1.75 m tall
doppelt/dreimal so groß wie... — twice/three times the size of...
3) (älter) big <brother, sister>unsere Große/unser Großer — our eldest or oldest daughter/son
4) (erwachsen) grown-up <children, son, daughter>[mit etwas] groß werden — grow up [with something]
die Großen — (Erwachsene) the grown-ups; (ältere Kinder) the older children
Groß und Klein — old and young [alike]
5) (lange dauernd) long, lengthy <delay, talk, explanation, pause>die großen Ferien — (Schulw.) the summer holidays or (Amer.) long vacation sing.
die große Pause — (Schulw.) [mid-morning] break
große Summen/Kosten — large sums/heavy costs
eine große Auswahl — a wide selection or range
7) (außerordentlich) great <pleasure, pain, hunger, anxiety, hurry, progress, difficulty, mistake, importance>; intense <heat, cold>; high < speed>ihre/seine große Liebe — her/his great love
ein großer Augenblick/Tag — a great moment/day
große Worte — grand or fine words
[k]eine große Rolle spielen — [not] play a great or an important part
die Großen [der Welt] — the great figures [of our world]
9) nicht präd. (glanzvoll) grand <celebration, ball, etc.>die große Dame/den großen Herrn spielen — (iron.) play the fine lady/gentleman
10) (bedeutend) great, major <artist, painter, work>Katharina die Große — Catherine the Great; s. auch Karl
11) (wesentlich)die große Linie/der große Zusammenhang — the basic line/the overall context
in großen Zügen od. Umrissen — in broad outline
im Großen [und] Ganzen — by and large; on the whole
13) (ugs.): (großspurig)2.große Reden schwingen od. (salopp) Töne spucken — talk big (coll.)
1)groß geschrieben werden — (fig. ugs.) be stressed or emphasized
groß machen — (Kinderspr.) do number two (child lang.)
2) (ugs.): (aufwendig)3) (ugs.): (besonders) greatly; particularly4) (ugs.): (großartig)sie steht ganz groß da — she has made it big (coll.) or made the big time (coll.)
* * *adj.ample adj.big adj.capital adj.great adj.heavyset adj.large adj.sizable adj.tall adj. adv.largely adv.sizably adv. -
15 great
ɡreit1) (of a better quality than average; important: a great writer; Churchill was a great man.) grande, gran (antes del nombre), importante2) (very large, larger etc than average: a great crowd of people at the football match.) grande, gran (antes del nombre)3) (of a high degree: Take great care of that book.) mucho; especial4) (very pleasant: We had a great time at the party.) maravilloso, espléndido, fantástico5) (clever and expert: John's great at football.) excelente, buenísimo•- greatly- greatness
great adj1. gran / grande2. gran / importante3. estupendo / fenomenalyou look great! ¡te veo fenomenal!tr[greɪt]1 (large) grande; (before sing noun) gran2 (considerable, profound, intense) grande; (before sing noun) gran■ it gives me great pleasure to... tengo el gran placer de...3 (famous, important, outstanding) grande, importante; (before sing noun) gran, importante4 familiar (excellent, wonderful) estupendo,-a, fantástico,-a, sensacional, fabuloso,-a■ it's great to see you! ¡me alegro mucho de verte!■ how was the film? - great! ¿qué tal la película! - ¡fenomenal!■ what a great idea! ¡qué idea más buena!5 (for emphasis) grande; (before sing noun) gran■ you great brute! ¡pedazo de animal!1 familiar muy bien, estupendamente, fenomenal1 (person) grande nombre masulino o femenino\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be no great shakes no ser gran cosato go great guns ir a las mil maravillas, ir viento en popathe Great Barrier Reef la Gran Barrera de Coralgreat circle círculo máximoGreat Dane gran danés nombre masculinothe Great War la Gran Guerra, la primera Guerra Mundialgreat ['greɪt] adj1) large: grandea great mountain: una montaña grandea great crowd: una gran muchedumbre2) intense: intenso, fuerte, grandegreat pain: gran dolor3) eminent: grande, eminente, distinguidoa great poet: un gran poeta4) excellent, terrific: excelente, estupendo, fabulosoto have a great time: pasarlo en grande5)a great while : mucho tiempoadj.• enorme adj.• garrafal adj.• gran adj.• grande adj.• importante adj.• largo, -a adj.• magno, -a adj.• mucho, -a adj.• pistonudo, -a adj.• principal adj.• solemne adj.• vasto, -a adj.
I greɪt1) (before n)a) ( large in size) (sing) gran (delante del n); (pl) grandes (delante del n)b) <number/quantity> (sing) gran (delante del n); (pl) grandes (delante del n)we discussed it in great detail — lo discutimos muy minuciosamente or punto por punto
there's a dirty great hole in my sock — (BrE colloq) tengo un agujerazo en el calcetín (fam)
2) (before n)a) ( important) <landowner/occasion> (sing) gran (delante del n); (pl) grandes (delante del n)b) (genuine, real) (before n) <friend/rival> (sing) gran (delante del n); (pl) grandes (delante del n)I'm in no great hurry — no tengo mucha prisa, no estoy muy apurado (AmL)
you're a great help! — (colloq & iro) valiente ayuda la tuya! (iró)
he's a great one for starting arguments — (colloq) es único para empezar discusiones!, para empezar discusiones es (como) mandado a hacer (CS fam)
3) ( excellent) (colloq) <goal/movie/meal> sensacional, fabulosohe's a really great guy — es un tipo or (Esp tb) tío sensacional (fam)
to be great AT something: she's great at organizing things/getting people together para organizar las cosas/juntar a la gente, no hay nadie como ella; he's great at mending things se da mucha maña para hacer arreglos; (as interj) (that's) great! — qué bien!, fenomenal!, bárbaro! (fam), estupendo! (fam)
II
noun ( outstanding person) (colloq) estrella f, grande mf
III
adverb (esp AmE colloq) fenomenal (fam)[ɡreɪt]1. ADJ(compar greater) (superl greatest)1) (=huge) (in size) [house, room, object] enorme, inmenso; (in amount, number) [effort, variety] grande; [shock, surprise] verdadero, enorme•
I'll take great care of it — lo cuidaré muchoa great deal of time/money/effort — mucho tiempo/dinero/esfuerzo
•
great heavens! — † ¡Cielo Santo! †, ¡Válgame el cielo!well, you've been a great help! — iro ¡vaya ayuda la tuya!, ¡pues sí que has sido una ayuda!
•
you great idiot! * — ¡pedazo de idiota! *•
a great many people believe he was right — mucha gente cree que tenía razóna great many of us are uneasy about these developments — a muchos de nosotros estos sucesos nos tienen intranquilos
•
it was a great pity you didn't come — fue una verdadera pena que no viniesesit's my great pleasure to introduce... — es un gran placer para mí presentar a...
•
great progress has been made — se han hecho grandes progresosgun 1., 1)•
great Scott! — † ¡Cielo Santo! †, ¡Válgame el cielo!2) (=important) [achievement, occasion, event] grande•
the great cultural achievements of the past — los grandes logros culturales del pasado•
one of the great issues of the day — uno de los temas más importantes del día3) (=outstanding) [person, nation, skill] grande•
she has a great eye for detail — tiene muy buen ojo para los detalles4) (with names)Frederick/Peter the Great — Federico/Pedro el Grande
5) (=real) (as intensifier) grande•
she is a great believer in hard work — es una gran partidaria del trabajo duro•
she's a great one for antique shops — le encantan las tiendas de antigüedades, es una fanática de las tiendas de antigüedadeshe's a great one for criticizing others — es único para criticar a los demás, se las pinta solo para criticar a los demás *
6) * (=excellent) [person, thing, idea] estupendo, genial *they're a great bunch of guys — son un grupo de tíos estupendos or geniales *
you were great! — ¡estuviste genial! *
it's a great idea — es una idea estupenda, es una idea genial *
"how was the movie?" - "it was great!" — -¿que tal fue la película? -¡genial! *
(that's) great! — ¡eso es estupendo!
wouldn't it be great to do that? — ¿no sería fabuloso or genial hacer eso?
camping holidays are great for kids — las vacaciones en un camping son estupendas para los críos, las vacaciones en un camping son geniales para los críos *
•
she was just great about it — se lo tomó muy bien•
he's great at football — juega estupendamente al fútbol•
to feel great — sentirse fenómeno or fenomenal *•
she's great on jazz — sabe un montón de jazz *•
the great thing is that you don't have to iron it — lo mejor de todo es que no tienes que plancharlo7) (Bot, Zool) grande2. EXCL1) * (=excellent)(oh) great! — ¡fenómeno! *, ¡fenomenal!, ¡qué bien!
2) iro(oh) great! that's all I need! — ¡maravilloso! ¡eso es lo que me faltaba!
if that's what you want to believe, great! — si es eso lo que quieres creer, allá tú
3.ADVgreat big * — grandísimo
4.N (=person) grande mfthe great and the good — hum los abonados a las buenas causas
5.CPDgreat ape N — antropoide mf
the Great Barrier Reef N — la Gran Barrera de Coral, el Gran Arrecife Coralino
the Great Bear N — (Astron) la Osa Mayor
Great Britain N — Gran Bretaña f
GREAT, BIG, LARGEGreat Dane N — gran danés m
"Grande" shortened to "gran"
► Gra nde must be shortened to gran before a singular noun of either gender:
Great Britain (La) Gran Bretaña
Position of "grande"
► Put gran/ grandes before the noun in the sense of "great":
It's a great step forward in the search for peace Es un gran paso en la búsqueda de la paz
He is a (very) great actor Es un gran actor ► In the sense of big or large, the adjective will precede the noun in the context of a general, subjective comment. However, when there is implicit or explicit comparison with other things or people that are physically bigger or smaller, it will follow the noun:
It's a big problem Es un gran problema
... the difference in price between big flats and small ones...... la diferencia de precio entre los pisos grandes y pequeños...
... a certain type of large passenger plane...... cierto tipo de avión grande para el transporte de pasajeros... ► Compare the following examples:
... a great man...... un gran hombre...
... a big man...... un hombre grande... For further uses and examples, see great, big, large* * *
I [greɪt]1) (before n)a) ( large in size) (sing) gran (delante del n); (pl) grandes (delante del n)b) <number/quantity> (sing) gran (delante del n); (pl) grandes (delante del n)we discussed it in great detail — lo discutimos muy minuciosamente or punto por punto
there's a dirty great hole in my sock — (BrE colloq) tengo un agujerazo en el calcetín (fam)
2) (before n)a) ( important) <landowner/occasion> (sing) gran (delante del n); (pl) grandes (delante del n)b) (genuine, real) (before n) <friend/rival> (sing) gran (delante del n); (pl) grandes (delante del n)I'm in no great hurry — no tengo mucha prisa, no estoy muy apurado (AmL)
you're a great help! — (colloq & iro) valiente ayuda la tuya! (iró)
he's a great one for starting arguments — (colloq) es único para empezar discusiones!, para empezar discusiones es (como) mandado a hacer (CS fam)
3) ( excellent) (colloq) <goal/movie/meal> sensacional, fabulosohe's a really great guy — es un tipo or (Esp tb) tío sensacional (fam)
to be great AT something: she's great at organizing things/getting people together para organizar las cosas/juntar a la gente, no hay nadie como ella; he's great at mending things se da mucha maña para hacer arreglos; (as interj) (that's) great! — qué bien!, fenomenal!, bárbaro! (fam), estupendo! (fam)
II
noun ( outstanding person) (colloq) estrella f, grande mf
III
adverb (esp AmE colloq) fenomenal (fam) -
16 stretch
I 1. [stretʃ]1) (in gymnastics) allungamento m., stiramento m.to be at full stretch — [rope, elastic] essere teso al massimo; fig. [factory, office] essere a pieno regime
2) (elasticity) elasticità f.3) (section) (of road, track, coastline, river) tratto m.4) (expanse) (of water, countryside) distesa f.5) (period) periodo m.6) colloq. (prison sentence)2. II 1. [stretʃ]1) (extend) tendere [rope, net]to stretch one's arms — distendere o allungare le braccia
to stretch one's legs — fig. sgranchirsi le gambe, fare una passeggiata
to stretch one's wings — spiegare le ali; fig. spiegare il volo
2) (increase the size) tendere [spring, elastic]; tirare [ fabric]; (deliberately) allargare [ shoe]; (distort) sformare [garment, shoe]to stretch a point — (make concession) fare un'eccezione; (exaggerate) tirare troppo la corda
4) (push to the limit) abusare di [ patience]; sfruttare al massimo [resources, person]2.isn't that stretching it a bit? — colloq. non state esagerando un po'?
1) (extend one's limbs) stirarsi, distendersi2) (spread) [road, track] snodarsi, stendersi; [forest, water, beach] stendersito stretch to o as far as sth. [flex, string] arrivare fino a qcs.; how far does the queue stretch? fino a dove arriva la coda? the weeks stretched into months — le settimane diventarono mesi
3) (become larger) [ elastic] allungarsi; [ shoe] allargarsi; [fabric, garment] sformarsi, cedere4) colloq. (afford)3.to stretch oneself — stirarsi; fig. fare uno sforzo
* * *[stre ] 1. verb1) (to make or become longer or wider especially by pulling or by being pulled: She stretched the piece of elastic to its fullest extent; His scarf was so long that it could stretch right across the room; This material stretches; The dog yawned and stretched (itself); He stretched (his arm/hand) up as far as he could, but still could not reach the shelf; Ask someone to pass you the jam instead of stretching across the table for it.) tirare, allungare, stirarsi2) ((of land etc) to extend: The plain stretched ahead of them for miles.) estendersi2. noun1) (an act of stretching or state of being stretched: He got out of bed and had a good stretch.) stiracchiata2) (a continuous extent, of eg a type of country, or of time: a pretty stretch of country; a stretch of bad road; a stretch of twenty years.) distesa, tratto; periodo•- stretchy
- at a stretch
- be at full stretch
- stretch one's legs
- stretch out* * *stretch /strɛtʃ/n.2 stiracchiata; stiracchiatina: The dog got up and had a good stretch, il cane si alzò e si diede una stiracchiata3 estensione; distesa; spazio; tratto: a stretch of rolling country, una distesa di terreno ondulato; a long stretch of road, un lungo tratto di strada6 (mecc.) stiratura: stretch forming, formatura ( di elementi, di lamiera) mediante stiratura; stiro-imbutitura8 (naut.) bordata9 (ferr.) tratta● (autom.) stretch limo, limousine con carrozzeria allungata □ stretch marks, smagliature □ (ind. tess.) stretch-nylon, filanca® □ a stretch of the imagination, uno sforzo d'immaginazione □ stretch socks, calzini elasticizzati □ at a stretch, di seguito; di fila: to drive a car for five hours at a stretch, guidare l'automobile per cinque ore di seguito (o filate) □ at full stretch, teso al massimo; (fig.) a pieno regime; al massimo delle proprie possibilità: to work at full stretch, lavorare a pieno regime □ by a stretch of language, in senso lato □ by no stretch of the imagination, neanche per sogno □ to obtain st. by a stretch of one's authority, ottenere qc. abusando della propria autorità.♦ (to) stretch /strɛtʃ/A v. t.1 tendere; tirare; stirare; distendere; stendere; allargare; allungare ( tirando): to stretch a wire, tendere un filo metallico; Don't stretch the material or you'll rip it, non tirare la stoffa se non vuoi lacerarla; to stretch a pullover, allargare un pullover ( tirandolo, per indossarlo); to stretch one's neck, allungare il collo2 (fig.) forzare; sforzare; fare uno strappo a; abusare di: to stretch the truth, forzare la verità; svisare i fatti; to stretch an argument to its very limit, sforzare un'argomentazione fino all'estremo; to stretch the rules, fare uno strappo alle regole; to stretch one's powers, abusare del proprio potere; to stretch one's principles, fare uno strappo ai propri principi3 (fig.) gonfiare; esagerare5 (fam.) far bastare: to stretch one's salary to meet expenses, far bastare il proprio stipendio; riuscire a far fronte alle speseB v. i.1 stendersi; estendersi; spaziare; spiegarsi; ( di strada) snodarsi: The desert stretches as far as the Atlas Mountains, il deserto si stende fino alle montagne dell'Atlante3 allargarsi, allungarsi, cedere ( sotto tensione): Rubber will stretch but wood won't, la gomma si allunga ma il legno no● to stretch one's arms, distendere le braccia; stirarsi □ (fin.) to stretch a budget, stiracchiare un bilancio, fare bastare uno stanziamento □ to stretch one's credit, abusare del credito di cui si gode □ (fam.) to stretch it a bit, esagerare alquanto; fare la cosa più grande di quello che è □ ( anche fig.) to stretch one's legs, sgranchirsi le gambe □ (med.) to stretch a muscle, prodursi uno strappo muscolare □ to stretch oneself, stirarsi; stiracchiarsi; ( anche) sforzarsi; spingersi al massimo □ to stretch a point, fare uno strappo alla regola; fare un'eccezione.* * *I 1. [stretʃ]1) (in gymnastics) allungamento m., stiramento m.to be at full stretch — [rope, elastic] essere teso al massimo; fig. [factory, office] essere a pieno regime
2) (elasticity) elasticità f.3) (section) (of road, track, coastline, river) tratto m.4) (expanse) (of water, countryside) distesa f.5) (period) periodo m.6) colloq. (prison sentence)2. II 1. [stretʃ]1) (extend) tendere [rope, net]to stretch one's arms — distendere o allungare le braccia
to stretch one's legs — fig. sgranchirsi le gambe, fare una passeggiata
to stretch one's wings — spiegare le ali; fig. spiegare il volo
2) (increase the size) tendere [spring, elastic]; tirare [ fabric]; (deliberately) allargare [ shoe]; (distort) sformare [garment, shoe]to stretch a point — (make concession) fare un'eccezione; (exaggerate) tirare troppo la corda
4) (push to the limit) abusare di [ patience]; sfruttare al massimo [resources, person]2.isn't that stretching it a bit? — colloq. non state esagerando un po'?
1) (extend one's limbs) stirarsi, distendersi2) (spread) [road, track] snodarsi, stendersi; [forest, water, beach] stendersito stretch to o as far as sth. [flex, string] arrivare fino a qcs.; how far does the queue stretch? fino a dove arriva la coda? the weeks stretched into months — le settimane diventarono mesi
3) (become larger) [ elastic] allungarsi; [ shoe] allargarsi; [fabric, garment] sformarsi, cedere4) colloq. (afford)3.to stretch oneself — stirarsi; fig. fare uno sforzo
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17 размер
1. size(мащаб) scale(количество) amount(степен) degree, extentв размер at the rate of; to the extent of; measuring(за сума) to the amount of, anmounting toголям/малък размер on a large/small scaleразмери dimensions; proportions(на сграда и) measurementsс големи/малки размери of a large/small sizeс много големи/много малки размери of vast/diminutive sizeс огромни/небивали размер и of enormous/unprecedented sizeвземам големи размери take on/reach large proportionsв земам сериозни/обезпокои-телни/застрашнтелни и пр. размери assume serious/alarming, etc. proportionsдостигам големи размери (за животно и пр.) grow to an enormous sizeсвеждам до размерите на reduce to the size ofсвеждам до естествени размери reduce to just/correct proportions, scale down2. проз. metre, measure* * *размѐр,м., -и, (два) размѐра 1. size; ( мащаб) scale; ( количество) amount; ( степен) degree, extent; в голям/малък \размер on a large/small scale; в двоен/троен и пр. \размер double/threefold, etc.; в естествени \размери full-size, full-scale; в \размер at the rate of; to the extent of; measuring; (за сума) to the amount of, amounting to; вземам големи \размери take on/reach large proportions; вземам сериозни/обезпокоителни/застрашителни и пр. \размери assume serious/alarming, etc. proportions; габаритен \размер overall dimension; гигантски \размер king-size(d); какъв е \размерът на щетите? what is the extent of the damage? неотговарящ на \размера off-size; \размер на заплата/лихва rate of wages/interests; \размер на застрахователна премия insurance rate; \размер на щетите measure/extent of damages; \размери dimensions; proportions; (на сграда) measurements; с много големи/много малки \размери of vast/diminutive size; свеждам до естествени \размери reduce to just/correct proportions, scale down;2. проз. metre, measure.* * *size: about the размер of a walnut - с размер колкото орех, You need two размерs larger trousers. - Трябват ти два размера по-големи панталони., I take размер 38 in shoes. - Нося 38 размер обувки., a medium размерd table - маса със среден размер; amount (количество); dimension; gauge{geidj}; girth; percentage; rate{reit} (като процент): What is the interest размер? - Какъв е размера на лихвата?; volume (обем); мас* * *1. (за сума) to the amount of, anmounting to 2. (количество) amount 3. (мащаб) scale 4. (на сграда и) measurements 5. (степен) degree, extent 6. size 7. РАЗМЕРи dimensions;proportions 8. в РАЗМЕР at the rate of;to the extent of;measuring 9. в двоен/троен и пp. РАЗМЕР double/threefold, etc. РАЗМЕР на заплата/лихва a rate of wages/inte rest 10. в земам сериозни/обезпокои-телни/застрашнтелни и пр. РАЗМЕРи assume serious/alarming, etc. proportions 11. вземам големи РАЗМЕРи take on/reach large proportions 12. голям/малък РАЗМЕР on a large/small scale 13. достигам големи РАЗМЕРи (за животно и пр.) grow to an enormous size 14. проз. metre, measure 15. с големи/малки РАЗМЕРи of a large/small size 16. с много големи/много малки РАЗМЕРи of vast/diminutive size 17. с огромни/ небивали РАЗМЕР и of enormous/unprecedented size 18. свеждам до РАЗМЕРите на reduce to the size of 19. свеждам до естествени РАЗМЕРи reduce to just/correct proportions, scale down -
18 Historical Portugal
Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims inPortugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and theChurch (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict untilUN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU. -
19 life
plural - lives; noun1) (the quality belonging to plants and animals which distinguishes them from rocks, minerals etc and things which are dead: Doctors are fighting to save the child's life.) vida2) (the period between birth and death: He had a long and happy life.) vida3) (liveliness: She was full of life and energy.) vida4) (a manner of living: She lived a life of ease and idleness.) vida5) (the period during which any particular state exists: He had many different jobs during his working life.) vida6) (living things: It is now believed that there may be life on Mars; animal life.) vida7) (the story of a life: He has written a life of Churchill.) biografía8) (life imprisonment: He was given life for murder.) cadena perpetua•- lifeless- lifelike
- life-and-death
- lifebelt
- lifeboat
- lifebuoy
- life-cycle
- life expectancy
- lifeguard
- life-jacket
- lifeline
- lifelong
- life-saving
- life-sized
- life-size
- lifetime
- as large as life
- bring to life
- come to life
- for life
- the life and soul of the party
- not for the life of me
- not on your life!
- take life
- take one's life
- take one's life in one's hands
- to the life
life n vidatr[laɪf]1 vida■ never in my life have I heard such nonsense! ¡jamás en la vida había oído tales estupideces!2 (of battery) duración nombre femenino\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLfor dear life con toda su fuerzait's a matter of life and death es cuestión de vida o muertenot on your life! familiar ¡ni hablar!run for your life «(lives)»! ¡sálvese quien pueda!to be the life and soul of the party ser el alma de la fiestato bring somebody back to life resucitar a alguiento come to life cobrar vidato have the time of one's life pasárselo como nuncato live the life of Riley familiar pegarse la gran vidato lose one's life perder la vidato take one's own life suicidarse, quitarse la vidato take somebody's life matar a alguienlife belt / life buoy salvavidas nombre masculinolife cycle ciclo vitallife expectancy esperanza de vidalife insurance seguro de vidalife imprisonment cadena perpetualife jacket chaleco salvavidaslife sentence cadena perpetualife story biografíalife style estilo de vida1) : vida fplant life: la vida vegetal2) existence: vida f, existencia f3) biography: biografía f, vida f4) duration: duración f, vida f5) liveliness: vivacidad f, animación fadj.• perpetuo, -a adj.• vital adj.• vitalicio, -a adj.n.(§ pl.: lives) = animación s.f.• existencia s.f.• ser s.m.• tiempo de vida s.m.• vida s.f.• vigencia s.f.• vivir s.m.laɪf1) c u ( existence) vida fearly in life — en su (or mi, etc) juventud
in later life — más tarde or más adelante
at my time of life — a mi edad, con la edad que tengo
the man/woman in your life — el hombre/la mujer de tu vida
to have the time of one's life — divertirse* como nunca or (fam) de lo lindo
to see life — ver* mundo
you can bet your life we'll be late! — (colloq) te apuesto lo que quieras a que llegamos tarde!
to lose one's life — perder* la vida
to risk one's life — arriesgar* la vida
to take somebody's life — (frml) darle* muerte a alguien (frml)
to take one's (own) life — (frml) quitarse la vida (frml)
a matter of life and death — una cuestión de vida o muerte
as large as life — en carne y hueso
he couldn't darn a sock to save his life — no sería capaz de zurcir un calcetín ni aun si le fuera la vida en ello
larger than life: the characters are all larger than life todos los personajes son creaciones que desbordan la realidad; he was a larger-than-life character era un personaje exuberante; not for the life of one: I can't remember for the life of me no me puedo acordar por nada del mundo; not on your life! ni muerto!; to cling/hold on for dear life aferrarse/agarrarse desesperadamente; to fight/run for one's life: they had to run for their lives tuvieron que correr como alma que lleva el diablo; run for your lives! sálvese quien pueda!; he was fighting for (his) life se debatía entre la vida y la muerte; to frighten o scare the life out of somebody darle* or pegarle* un susto mortal a alguien; (to have) the shock of one's life llevarse el susto de su (or mi etc) vida; she gave the performance of her life actuó como nunca; to risk life and limb arriesgar* la vida; to take one's life in one's hands jugarse* la vida; (before n) <member, pension, president> vitalicio; life force fuerza f vital; life imprisonment cadena f perpetua; life sentence condena f a perpetuidad or a cadena perpetua; his life story — la historia de su vida
2) ua) ( vital force) vida fto come to life — \<\<party\>\> animarse; \<\<puppet/doll\>\> cobrar vida
b) ( vitality) vida f, vitalidad fto inject new life into something — revitalizar* algo
to be the life o (esp BrE) the life and soul of the party — ser* el alma de la fiesta
3) u ( lifestyle) vida fto live the life of Riley — darse* la gran vida, vivir a cuerpo de rey
4) u ( living things) vida fanimal/plant life — vida animal/vegetal
6) u ( imprisonment) (colloq) cadena f perpetua7) u ( Art)to paint/draw from life — pintar/dibujar del natural
8) c ( biography) vida f[laɪf]1. N(pl lives)1) (=animate state) vida fplant life — vida f vegetal, las plantas fpl
•
to bring sb back to life — resucitar or reanimar a algn2) (=existence) vida fhow's life? * — ¿cómo te va (la vida)?, ¿qué hubo? (Mex, Chile)
I do have a life outside of work, you know — yo hago otras cosas en mi vida aparte de trabajar ¿sabes?
•
to begin life as... — empezar la vida como...•
to depart this life — liter partir de esta vida•
in early/later life — en los años juveniles/madurasrun for your life! — ¡sálvese quien pueda!
•
you gave me the fright of my life! — ¡qué susto me diste!•
to lay down one's life — dar su vida, entregar su vida•
to lose one's life — perder la vidahow many lives were lost? — ¿cuántas víctimas hubo?
•
never in my life — en mi vida•
in the next life — en el más allá, en la otra vida•
in real life — en la vida real•
to see life — ver mundo•
to spend one's life doing sth — pasar la vida haciendo algo•
to take sb's life — quitar la vida a algnto take one's own life — quitarse la vida, suicidarse
•
at my time of life — a mi edad, con los años que yo tengobed 1., 4), private 3., save I, 1., 1)•
his life won't be worth living — más le valdría morirse3) (=way of living)•
country/ city life — la vida de la ciudad/del campo•
the good life — una vida agradable; (Rel) la vida santa•
it's a hard life — la vida es muy dura•
to make a new life for o.s., to start a new life — comenzar una vida nueva•
to live one's own life — ser dueño de su propia vidaRiley•
to lead a quiet life — llevar una vida tranquila•
get a life! * — ¡espabílate y haz algo!•
(upon) my life! — † ¡Dios mío!•
not on your life! * — ¡ni hablar!•
this is the life! — ¡esto sí que es vida!, ¡esto es jauja!what a life! — (=bad) ¡qué vida esta!; (=good) ¡vaya vida!, ¡eso sí que es vivir bien!
5) (=liveliness) vida f•
his acting brought the character to life — su actuación dio vida al personaje•
to come to life — animarse•
the life and soul of the party — el alma de la fiesta6) (=lifespan) [of person] vida f ; [of licence] vigencia f, validez f ; [of battery] vida f, duración f7) * (=life imprisonment)•
to do life — cumplir una condena de cadena or reclusión perpetua8) (Art)•
to paint from life — pintar del natural•
true to life — fiel a la realidad9) (=biography) vida f10) (US)** [of prostitute]she's in the life — hace la calle *, es una mujer de la vida
2.CPDlife and death struggle N — lucha f a vida o muerte
life annuity N — pensión f or anualidad f vitalicia
life assurance N — seguro m de vida
life class N — (Art) clase f de dibujo al natural
life coach N — profesional encargado de mejorar la situación laboral y personal de sus clientes
life cycle N — ciclo m vital
life drawing N — dibujo m del natural
life expectancy N — esperanza f de vida
life force N — fuerza f vital
Life Guards NPL — (Brit) (Mil) regimiento de caballería
life history N — [of person] (historia f de la) vida f ; hum, iro vida f y milagros * mpl
life imprisonment N — cadena f perpetua
life insurance N — = life assurance
life interest N — usufructo m vitalicio
life jacket N — chaleco m salvavidas
life member N — miembro m vitalicio
life membership N —
to take out a life membership — inscribirse como miembro vitalicio or de por vida
life peer N — (Brit) (Parl) miembro de la Cámara de los Lores de carácter no hereditario
life preserver N — (Brit) cachiporra f ; (US) chaleco m salvavidas
life president N — presidente mf de por vida
life sciences NPL — ciencias fpl de la vida
life sentence N — condena f a perpetuidad
life span N — [of person] vida f ; [of product] vida f útil
life story N — biografía f
life vest N — (US) chaleco m salvavidas
* * *[laɪf]1) c u ( existence) vida fearly in life — en su (or mi, etc) juventud
in later life — más tarde or más adelante
at my time of life — a mi edad, con la edad que tengo
the man/woman in your life — el hombre/la mujer de tu vida
to have the time of one's life — divertirse* como nunca or (fam) de lo lindo
to see life — ver* mundo
you can bet your life we'll be late! — (colloq) te apuesto lo que quieras a que llegamos tarde!
to lose one's life — perder* la vida
to risk one's life — arriesgar* la vida
to take somebody's life — (frml) darle* muerte a alguien (frml)
to take one's (own) life — (frml) quitarse la vida (frml)
a matter of life and death — una cuestión de vida o muerte
as large as life — en carne y hueso
he couldn't darn a sock to save his life — no sería capaz de zurcir un calcetín ni aun si le fuera la vida en ello
larger than life: the characters are all larger than life todos los personajes son creaciones que desbordan la realidad; he was a larger-than-life character era un personaje exuberante; not for the life of one: I can't remember for the life of me no me puedo acordar por nada del mundo; not on your life! ni muerto!; to cling/hold on for dear life aferrarse/agarrarse desesperadamente; to fight/run for one's life: they had to run for their lives tuvieron que correr como alma que lleva el diablo; run for your lives! sálvese quien pueda!; he was fighting for (his) life se debatía entre la vida y la muerte; to frighten o scare the life out of somebody darle* or pegarle* un susto mortal a alguien; (to have) the shock of one's life llevarse el susto de su (or mi etc) vida; she gave the performance of her life actuó como nunca; to risk life and limb arriesgar* la vida; to take one's life in one's hands jugarse* la vida; (before n) <member, pension, president> vitalicio; life force fuerza f vital; life imprisonment cadena f perpetua; life sentence condena f a perpetuidad or a cadena perpetua; his life story — la historia de su vida
2) ua) ( vital force) vida fto come to life — \<\<party\>\> animarse; \<\<puppet/doll\>\> cobrar vida
b) ( vitality) vida f, vitalidad fto inject new life into something — revitalizar* algo
to be the life o (esp BrE) the life and soul of the party — ser* el alma de la fiesta
3) u ( lifestyle) vida fto live the life of Riley — darse* la gran vida, vivir a cuerpo de rey
4) u ( living things) vida fanimal/plant life — vida animal/vegetal
6) u ( imprisonment) (colloq) cadena f perpetua7) u ( Art)to paint/draw from life — pintar/dibujar del natural
8) c ( biography) vida f -
20 great
1. adjective1) (large) großgreat big — (coll.) riesengroß (ugs.)
take great care of/a great interest in — sich sehr kümmern um/interessieren für
3) (important) groß [Tag, Ereignis, Attraktion, Hilfe]; (powerful, able) groß [Person, Komponist, Schriftsteller]; (impressive) großartigthe great thing is... — die Hauptsache ist...
Peter the Great — Peter der Große
be great at something — (skilful) in etwas (Dat.) ganz groß sein (ugs.)
4) (coll.): (splendid) großartig5) (in relationship) Groß[onkel, -tante, -neffe, -nichte]; Ur[großmutter, -großvater, -enkel, -enkelin]2. noun(person) Größe, die; as pl.the great — die Großen [der Geschichte/Literatur usw.]
the greatest — (coll.) der/die Größte/die Größten (ugs.)
* * *[ɡreit]1) (of a better quality than average; important: a great writer; Churchill was a great man.) bedeutend2) (very large, larger etc than average: a great crowd of people at the football match.) groß3) (of a high degree: Take great care of that book.) besonder4) (very pleasant: We had a great time at the party.) großartig5) (clever and expert: John's great at football.) sehr gut•- academic.ru/32313/greatly">greatly- greatness* * *[greɪt]I. adj1. (very big) groß, riesigit gives us \great pleasure to announce the engagement of our daughter es ist uns eine große Freude, die Verlobung unserer Tochter bekanntzugebenit is with \great sorrow that I inform you of the death of our director zu meinem tiefsten Bedauern muss ich Ihnen mitteilen, dass unser Direktor verstorben istI feel \great sympathy for you ich fühle von ganzem Herzen mit dira \great amount [or quantity] eine große Menge, sehr viela \great deal of time/money eine Menge [o sehr viel] Zeit/Geldto a \great extent im Großen und Ganzena \great joy eine große Freudethe \great majority of people die überwiegende Mehrheit der Leutea \great sadness eine tiefe Traurigkeitthe \greatest boxer/show der größte Boxer/die größte Showa \great personality eine überragende Persönlichkeit3. (wonderful) großartig, wunderbarwe had a \great time at the party wir haben uns auf der Party großartig amüsiertit's \great to be back home again es ist richtig schön, wieder zu Hause zu seinit was \great driving over the mountains es war wunderschön, durch die Berge zu fahren\great! ( iron fam) na prima! iron fam, klasse! iron fam, wunderbar! ÖSTERR iron fam, super! SCHWEIZ iron famthe \great thing about my job is the flexitime was mir an meiner Arbeit besonders gefällt, ist die Gleitzeithe's a \great one for getting other people to do his work er hat den Bogen raus, wie er andere Leute dazu kriegt, seine Arbeit zu machen fammy sister's \great at playing football meine Schwester spielt klasse Fußball\great fool Volltrottel m fam\great friend guter Freund/gute Freundinas children they were \great friends als Kinder waren sie dicke Freunde famshe is a \great organizer sie kann hervorragend organisierenhe is a \great storyteller er ist ein fantastischer Geschichtenerzählerto feel \great sich akk großartig fühlento feel not all that \great sich akk gar nicht gut fühlen6. (enthusiastic) begeistertour kids are \great party-goers unsere Kinder sind begeisterte Partygänger7.▶ \great minds think alike[, fools seldom differ] ( prov hum) große Geister denken gleich prov hum, zwei Dumme, ein Gedanke prov hum▶ to be no \great shakes nicht besonders gut seinI'm no \great shakes as a cook/at cooking als Koch/im Kochen bin ich nicht gerade ein Meister▶ to not be the \greatest thing since sliced bread ( prov fam) nicht gerade das Gelbe vom Ei sein fam\great big riesengroßa \great big spider eine dicke, fette SpinneAlexander/Catherine the G\great Alexander der Große/Katharina die Großethe \great and the good die Prominenzan all-time \great ein unvergesslicher Starto be an all-time \great unerreicht seinone of the \greats einer/eine der ganz Großen* * *[greɪt]1. adj (+er)1) (in size) groß; (= very large) sehr groß; (= huge) riesig; (in extent) effort, variety, shock, need, success, help etc großwith a great effort — mit großer Mühe or Anstrengung
at a great pace — in or mit schnellem Tempo
x is greater/not greater than 10 (Math) —
a player of great ability — ein sehr or ausgesprochen fähiger Spieler
a great many, a great number of — sehr viele
a great many people — sehr viele or eine Menge (inf) Leute
See:→ also deal2) (= important, famous) person, achievement, work, event, city etc großto think great thoughts —
the great thing is to... — das Wichtigste ist zu...
3)(= strong, enthusiastic)
he was a great friend of my father — er war mit meinem Vater sehr gut befreundethe's a great one for criticizing others — im Kritisieren anderer ist er (ganz) groß
to be a great believer in doing sth — grundsätzlich dafür sein, etw zu tun
he was a great womanizer — er stellte ständig den Frauen nach
I think she's great — ich finde sie toll (inf) or prima (inf)
this cookbook is great for desserts — in diesem Kochbuch findet man besonders gute Nachspeisen
to be great at football/at singing — ein großer Fußballspieler/Sänger sein
my wife isn't feeling so great —
Great Scott or Heavens! (dated) — (ach du) großer Gott or lieber Himmel!
5) (= excellent, outstanding) ausgezeichnet, großartig2. interj (inf)toll (inf), super (inf)oh great (iro) — na wunderbar
if that's what they want to believe, great — wenn sie das glauben wollen, dann sollen sie doch
3. adv1) (inf= well)
she's doing great (in job) — sie macht sich hervorragend; (healthwise) sie macht große Fortschritte2)I want to give you a great big kiss —
4. n1) plthe great — die Großen pl
2) usu pl (= person) Größe fone of the all-time greats —
the golfing/literary greats — die Golfgrößen/literarischen Größen
* * *great [ɡreıt]1. groß, beträchtlich (auch Anzahl), (Nachfrage etc) stark:of great popularity sehr beliebt;a great many sehr viele, eine große Anzahl;the great majority die große oder überwiegende Mehrheit;in great detail in allen Einzelheiten2. lang (Zeit):a great while ago vor langer Zeit3. hoch (Alter):live to a great age ein hohes Alter erreichen, sehr alt werden4. groß:a great big lump umg ein Mordsklumpen5. groß (Buchstabe):6. groß, Groß…:7. groß, bedeutend, wichtig (Probleme etc)8. groß, wichtigst(er, e, es), Haupt…:the great attraction die Hauptattraktion9. (geistig) groß, überragend, berühmt, bedeutend:a great poet ein großer Dichter;a great city eine bedeutende Stadt;Frederick the Great Friedrich der Große10. (gesellschaftlich) hoch(stehend), groß:the great world die vornehme Welt;a great family eine vornehme oder berühmte Familie11. groß, erhaben (Gedanken etc)12. groß, beliebt, oft gebraucht:be the great thing at the moment im Moment sehr modern sein13. groß (in hohem Maße):a great friend of mine ein guter oder enger Freund von mir;a great landowner ein Großgrundbesitzer14. ausgezeichnet, großartig (Möglichkeit etc):it is a great thing to be healthy es ist sehr viel wert, gesund zu sein15. (nur präd) umga) groß, gut, sehr geschickt ( alle:at, in in dat):he is great at chess er spielt sehr gut Schach, er ist ein großer Schachspieler vor dem Herrn;he’s great at drinking im Trinken ist er großb) interessiert (on für):be great on sth sich für etwas begeisternc) sehr bewandert (on in dat)16. umg eifrig, begeistert (Leser etc)17. umg großartig, herrlich, wunderbar, famos:we had a great time wir haben uns großartig amüsiert, es war toll;wouldn’t that be great? wäre das nicht herrlich?a) Groß…B sC adv umg prima, bestens* * *1. adjective1) (large) großgreat big — (coll.) riesengroß (ugs.)
2) (beyond the ordinary) groß; sehr gut [Freund]take great care of/a great interest in — sich sehr kümmern um/interessieren für
3) (important) groß [Tag, Ereignis, Attraktion, Hilfe]; (powerful, able) groß [Person, Komponist, Schriftsteller]; (impressive) großartigthe great thing is... — die Hauptsache ist...
be great at something — (skilful) in etwas (Dat.) ganz groß sein (ugs.)
4) (coll.): (splendid) großartig5) (in relationship) Groß[onkel, -tante, -neffe, -nichte]; Ur[großmutter, -großvater, -enkel, -enkelin]2. noun(person) Größe, die; as pl.the great — die Großen [der Geschichte/Literatur usw.]
the greatest — (coll.) der/die Größte/die Größten (ugs.)
* * *adj.bedeutend adj.groß adj.
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